Integration of self-biased magnetic circulators with microwave devices is disclosed herein. In microwave and other high-frequency radio frequency (RF) applications, a magnetic circulator can be implemented with a smaller permanent magnet. Aspects disclosed herein include a process flow for producing a self-biased circulator in an integrated circuit chip. In this regard, a magnetic circulator junction can be fabricated on an active layer of a semiconductor wafer. A deep pocket or cavity is formed in an insulating substrate under the active layer. This cavity is then filled with a ferromagnetic material such that the circulator junction is self-biased within the integrated circuit chip, eliminating the need for an external magnet. The self-biased circulator provides high isolation between ports in a smaller integrated circuit.

A radio frequency (RF) circulator comprising a dielectric element and a ferrite element. The dielectric element has a dielectric constant that is correlated to the dielectric constant of the ferrite element, and both the dielectric element and the ferrite elements each have at least a partial conductive coating. In an embodiment, interior of the circulator includes a plurality of excitation pins placed therein.

A radio frequency (RF) circulator comprising a dielectric element and a ferrite element. The dielectric element has a dielectric constant that is correlated to the dielectric constant of the ferrite element, and both the dielectric element and the ferrite elements each have at least a partial conductive coating. In an embodiment, interior of the circulator includes a plurality of excitation pins placed therein.

A circuit comprising a differential transmission line and eight switches provides non-reciprocal signal flow. In some embodiments, the circuit can be driven by four local oscillator signals. The circuit can be used to form a gyrator. The circuit can be used to form a circulator. The circuit can be used to form three-port circulator than can provide direction signal flow between a transmitter and an antenna and from the antenna to a receiver. The three-port circulator can be used to implement a full duplex transceiver that uses a single antenna for transmitting and receiving.

In a non-reciprocal circuit element, a permanent magnet is connected to one main surface of a magnetic plate, and a circuit board is connected to the other main surface of the magnetic plate, with a solder bump lying between the circuit board and the other main surface. The permanent magnet can control the transmission of electrical signal from each of a plurality of signal conductors of circuit board to a corresponding one of a plurality of input/output terminals of the magnetic plate. The non-reciprocal circuit element further includes an underfill material arranged between the magnetic plate and the circuit board. The magnetic plate has a through hole formed therein, the through hole extending from one main surface to the other main surface. The through hole has an empty space in which at least a part of a conductive film arranged in the through hole is exposed.

In a non-reciprocal circuit element, a permanent magnet is connected to one main surface of a magnetic plate, and a circuit board is connected to the other main surface of the magnetic plate, with a solder bump lying between the circuit board and the other main surface. The permanent magnet can control the transmission of electrical signal from each of a plurality of signal conductors of circuit board to a corresponding one of a plurality of input/output terminals of the magnetic plate. The non-reciprocal circuit element further includes an underfill material arranged between the magnetic plate and the circuit board. The magnetic plate has a through hole formed therein, the through hole extending from one main surface to the other main surface. The through hole has an empty space in which at least a part of a conductive film arranged in the through hole is exposed.

Disclosed herein is a non-reciprocal circuit element that includes a magnetic rotator, a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to the magnetic rotator, a lower yoke, and an upper yoke fixed to the lower yoke and housing therein the magnetic rotator and the permanent magnet. The upper yoke includes a top plate part that covers the magnetic rotator and the permanent magnet from an upper side, and first and second side plate parts that face each other and cover the magnetic rotator and the permanent magnet from a side. The first and second side plate parts have first and second plate spring parts that sandwich the permanent magnet and bias it.

Disclosed herein is a non-reciprocal circuit element that includes a substrate having lower and upper surfaces, a magnetic metal layer provided on the lower surface of the substrate, a magnetic rotator provided on the upper surface of the substrate, and a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to the magnetic rotator. The magnetic metal layer includes a lower yoke provided at a position overlapping the magnetic rotator in a plan view and a plurality of terminal electrodes connected to the magnetic rotator.

A subminiature circulator includes feed pin assemblies, a hollow base having an opening formed in the top, and a locating iron sheet, wherein a laminated assembly is arranged in the base, notches are formed in the peripheral wall of the base and are communicated with the bottom face of the base, the locating iron sheet is clamped in the laminated assembly and is provided with extension parts which stretch out of the base via the notches, and the feed pin assemblies are installed in installation holes formed in the extension parts. The feed pin assemblies are arranged in the installation holes formed in the extension parts of the locating iron sheet, and such installation manner is not limited to an integrally-formed structure, so that a sophisticated device is easy to machine in the fabrication process.

A subminiature circulator includes feed pin assemblies, a hollow base having an opening formed in the top, and a locating iron sheet, wherein a laminated assembly is arranged in the base, notches are formed in the peripheral wall of the base and are communicated with the bottom face of the base, the locating iron sheet is clamped in the laminated assembly and is provided with extension parts which stretch out of the base via the notches, and the feed pin assemblies are installed in installation holes formed in the extension parts. The feed pin assemblies are arranged in the installation holes formed in the extension parts of the locating iron sheet, and such installation manner is not limited to an integrally-formed structure, so that a sophisticated device is easy to machine in the fabrication process.