A preferred embodiment of a plug connector for connecting a waveguide to at least one electric conductor may have a housing for connecting to the waveguide. Fastening means may be provided to attach the housing to a structure having the at least one electric conductor. The housing may accommodate a signal converter having an antenna arrangement. A waveguiding arrangement may be provided within the housing. The waveguiding arrangement may guide an electromagnetic wave into the waveguide and may be paired with the antenna arrangement. The signal converter may be connected to at least one electric conductor and may perform conversion between electric signals and high-frequency electromagnetic signals.

A preferred embodiment of a plug connector for connecting a waveguide to at least one electric conductor may have a housing for connecting to the waveguide. Fastening means may be provided to attach the housing to a structure having the at least one electric conductor. The housing may accommodate a signal converter having an antenna arrangement. A waveguiding arrangement may be provided within the housing. The waveguiding arrangement may guide an electromagnetic wave into the waveguide and may be paired with the antenna arrangement. The signal converter may be connected to at least one electric conductor and may perform conversion between electric signals and high-frequency electromagnetic signals.

A circuit board with reduced dielectric losses enabling the movement of high frequency signals includes an inner circuit board and two outer circuit boards. The inner circuit board includes a first conductor layer and a first substrate layer. The first conductor layer includes a signal line and two ground lines on both sides of the signal line. The first substrate layer covers a side of the first conductor layer and defines first through holes which expose the signal line. Each outer circuit board includes a second substrate layer and a second conductor layer. The second substrate layer abuts the inner circuit board and defines second through holes which are not aligned with the first through holes, partially surrounding the signal line with air which has a very low dielectric constant. A method for manufacturing the high-frequency circuit board is also disclosed.

An RF applicator has an open-ended waveguide having an aperture and a dielectric cone extending through the aperture and is electrically connected to an RF source that is configured to generate RF energy pulses. A top fin is mounted to an inner top surface of the waveguide and comprises a conductive material, is electrically connected to the RF source, and has dimensions configured to optimize a bandwidth that the RF applicator applies to tissue. A bottom fin is mounted to an inner bottom surface of the waveguide and comprises a conductive material electrically isolated from the RF source, with dimensions configured to optimize a bandwidth that the RF applicator applies to tissue. A dielectric cone is inserted into the waveguide. A filler material between inner surfaces of the waveguide and the solid dielectric cone can fill gaps and has a dielectric constant similar to the dielectric cone.

A printed circuit board is provided, comprising a horizontally extending dielectric substrate and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The SIW comprises two horizontally disposed conductive ground planes spaced by a vertical distance, and two vertically disposed conductive fences spanning therebetween. The fences extend in a first horizontal direction, and are spaced from one another in a second horizontal direction, perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. A space defined between the ground planes and the fences comprises material of the substrate formed with one or more channels being free of material of the substrate and extending in the first horizontal direction. Each of the channels is formed by a plurality of vertical cylindrical cavities, and each cavity horizontally overlaps one or more adjacent cavities.

The invention relates to a microwave circular polarizer including: a first outer conductor; a second outer conductor connected to the first outer conductor forming a first step discontinuity therewith; and a third outer conductor connected to the second outer conductor forming a second step discontinuity therewith. An inner conductor is provided which extends inside and is spaced apart from the first, second and third outer conductors. The first and second outer conductors are axially asymmetric with respect to the inner conductor, and the third outer conductor is axially symmetric with respect to the inner conductor. The microwave circular polarizer includes first and second rectangular waveguide ports in signal communication with an internal cavity through, respectively, a first rectangular aperture and a second rectangular aperture formed through the first outer conductor. The microwave circular polarizer further includes a first septum and a second septum.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for near field radio-frequency (RF) testing of devices, particularly user equipment (UEs) capable of millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmissions. An exemplary test apparatus is described that uses a transducer to facilitate near field over-the-air testing of UEs in the mmWave transmission band. The transducer may be an orthomode transducer and may include a dual-polarity port positioned in the reactive near field of an antenna of a device under test (DUT). For UE signal transmission tests, the orthomode transducer splits test signals received from the antenna of the DUT via the dual-polarity port into a pair of single-polarity RF signals. The single-polarity RF signals are separately fed through a pair of waveguide-to-coaxial adaptors into separate coaxial cables, which feed coaxial transmission versions of the single-polarity RF signals to test equipment for analysis. UE signal reception tests are also described that utilize the same or different orthomode transducer.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for near field radio-frequency (RF) testing of devices, particularly user equipment (UEs) capable of millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmissions. An exemplary test apparatus is described that uses a transducer to facilitate near field over-the-air testing of UEs in the mmWave transmission band. The transducer may be an orthomode transducer and may include a dual-polarity port positioned in the reactive near field of an antenna of a device under test (DUT). For UE signal transmission tests, the orthomode transducer splits test signals received from the antenna of the DUT via the dual-polarity port into a pair of single-polarity RF signals. The single-polarity RF signals are separately fed through a pair of waveguide-to-coaxial adaptors into separate coaxial cables, which feed coaxial transmission versions of the single-polarity RF signals to test equipment for analysis. UE signal reception tests are also described that utilize the same or different orthomode transducer.

An isolating circuit for electrosurgical generator arranged to produce radiofrequency (RF) energy and microwave energy for treating biological tissue. The generator has an RF channel and a microwave channel which are combined at signal combiner to enable the RF energy and microwave energy to be delivered into tissue along a common feed path. The isolating circuit comprises a tunable waveguide isolator at a junction between the microwave channel and signal combiner, and can include a capacitive structure between a ground conductor of the signal combiner and a conductive input section of the waveguide isolator to inhibit coupling of the RF energy and leakage of the microwave energy. The isolating circuit can combine into a single tunable unit all the necessary components to isolate the microwave and RF channels from one another whilst providing a high withstanding voltage.

Disclosed is a capacitive non-directional coupler having a non-directional coupler printed circuit board (PCB) and a capacitive attenuator. The non-directional coupler PCB includes a coupler section configured to carry energy travelling on a main transmission line. The non-directional coupler PCB and the capacitive attenuator are configured as a capacitive voltage divider, and provide a sample of the energy on the main transmission line. Also disclosed is a method for measuring for measuring RF power using an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler that includes with the non-directional coupler printed circuit board and the capacitive attenuator. Also disclosed is an RF power metering system that includes an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler.