An aircraft includes a fuselage, wings coupled to the fuselage, and a transceiver. The aircraft further includes a plurality of planar phased array antennas coupled to the transceiver and fixedly attached to the fuselage or to at least one of the wings. The plurality of planar phased array antennas include a first planar phased array antenna having a first normal vector and a second planar phased array antenna having a second normal vector. The first normal vector is not parallel to the second normal vector.

In some embodiments, an antenna may include a plurality of reflectarray tiles and a frame including a plurality of frame elements coupled electrically and mechanically. The frame may be configured to conform to a shape of a surface. Each frame element may be configured to receive one of the plurality of reflectarray tiles. In some aspects, the plurality of reflectarray tiles may be illuminated directly or indirectly by a feed.

An antenna includes an ion exchange material and at least one polymer member coupled to a communication circuit. The at least one polymer member is configured to, responsive to receiving a bias voltage, interact with the ion exchange material to change electrical conductivity of the at least one polymer member.

An engine monitoring system for an aircraft engine having a nacelle extending annularly thereabout and a sensor positioned radially inward therefrom. The system includes an engine control device coupled communicatively to the sensor and configured to receive engine data from the sensor and/or receive instruction data from a transmitter device positioned radially outward from a nacelle radially outward surface. The system also includes a composite panel including at least a portion of the nacelle and a ground plane positioned radially inward from the nacelle radially outward surface, the composite panel including an antenna coupled communicatively to engine control device and a radome positioned radially outward from ground plane. The antenna is configured to at least one of receive engine data from the engine control device and transmit engine data to a receiver device, and receive instruction data from the transmitter device and transmit instruction data to the engine control device.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to antenna structures suitable for vehicles, such as aircraft.

A low profile conformal high gain multi-beam aircraft antenna includes antenna elements supported by a ground plane to create the low profile conformal high gain multi-beam aircraft antenna. Some of the antenna elements include a feeding waveguide flared in at least one of an h-plane and a v-plane. The antenna elements cooperate to create a gain pattern near a plane of the antenna.

A broadband stacked multi-spiral antenna array comprising two or more spiral antennas with a dielectric layer having a generally uniform thickness positioned between each pair of stacked antennas, which are all center-fed and in-phase. The antenna array may be embedded in a non-conductive material, such as fiberglass embedded in a resin, a honeycomb core sandwich, or structural foam, that may be used to form a structural element of a mobile platform. The structural element may include a via providing a pathway for coaxial cables. If two structural elements are hatch covers on the port and the starboard sides of an aircraft, the use of a stacked multi-spiral antenna array in each structural element provides two roughly hemispherical coverage patterns which together provide an omni-directional coverage pattern. The stacked multi-spiral antenna array may also include a reflecting cavity placed at the bottom of one of the spiral antennas.

Slot antennas built into metallic body panels utilize the vehicle body itself as an antenna radiator. Building the slot antennas directly into the metallic body panels converts the vehicle body from functioning as an RF shield into an RF antenna, which significantly improves mobile communication reception for a wide range of RF communication devices. Different types of slot antennas may be included for different communication channels utilized by different types of devices. Multi-band slot antennas are configured to receive multiple bands within a larger frequency channel. Dual-polarity antennas are configured to receive signals propagating in a dual-polarity mode. Multiple slot components may be configured as multi-band, dual-polarity antennas. Each slot antenna may be passive (without an RF pickup) or active with an RF pickup and coaxial cable connecting the antenna to an electronic device, such as receiver or amplifier located inside or otherwise interconnected with the vehicle.

A reconfigurable antenna is provided having a liquid metal in contact with an electrolyte with the liquid metal being in a first configuration. A plurality of electrodes includes a first electrode in contact with the liquid metal and a second electrode in contact with the electrolyte. A voltage source connected across the first and second electrodes applies a voltage of a predetermined magnitude and a predetermined polarity in order to move the liquid metal from the first configuration to a second configuration and to measure resultant current flow and modify the applied voltage based on the resultant current flow. Cessation of the applied voltage locks the liquid metal in this second configuration.

An airframe component is provided and includes first and second components having respective first and second opposite surfaces and edge portions, the first component defining a plane and the second component being attachable to the first surface of the first component as a protrusion from the plane, a first conductive layer disposed to wrap around the edge portion of the first component from the first surface to the second surface, a second conductive layer disposed on the first surface of the second component to extend beyond the edge portion and an insulation layer interposable between the first and second conductive layers and between a periphery of the first surface of the second component and the second conductive layer.