A positioning device includes: an antenna part with N antenna elements forming a plurality of pairs of antenna elements, N being an integer greater than or equal to three; a selection part configured to select a pair of antenna elements whose phase shift quality is higher than or equal to a predetermined level, based on a phase shift observed between phases of a signal received by respective antenna elements in a pair when each of the plurality of pairs receives the signal from a positioning target device; and a distance measurement part configured to measure a distance between the positioning target device and the antenna part based on phases of signals communicated between the positioning target device and one antenna element included in the pair selected by the selection part.

A low profile phased array antenna that is configured to be manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques is provided. In one or more embodiments, the phased array can include a plurality of signal ears, ground ears, and clustered pillars that can be arranged in relation to a base plate such that each component of the antenna can be manufactured from a single piece of material, thereby allowing for the use of additive manufacturing techniques which can substantially reduce the cost and time of the manufacturing process. The phased array can include a signal ear that include one or more posts that interface with an airgap located within a base plate of the array, wherein the size of the airgap in relation to the size of the post is configured to achieve an optimal level of impedance matching.

A multi-stack phased antenna array system is provided for enhancing wireless signal performance in a network. The system includes at least two antenna element layers, each comprising a matrix of individual antenna elements. Each antenna element is electrically connected to a modular ratio combining engine configured to process signals across the array. A method of operation includes receiving at least one signal from at least one user equipment (UE) at the antenna array, wherein the signal is received by each antenna element. The received signals are adjusted in time and phase to maximize in-phase signal strength using the combining engine. At least one dielectric layer is disposed between the antenna element layers to support the stacked structure.

The present disclosure provides a coupler device for use in a phased array system. The coupler device includes a weighting network and a phase matrix network. The weighting network is configured to convert and amplify an input signal to obtain eight intermediate amplified signals. The phase matrix network is coupled to the weighting network, and is configured to generate eight output signals based on the eight intermediate amplified signals. An output array of the eight output signals are obtained by performing a matrix multiplication of an array of the eight intermediate amplified signals with a phase matrix of the phase matrix network.