An antenna includes: a dielectric layer including a first and second surface placed in layering; a ring-shaped conductor layer formed on the first surface; a first and second feedline that are closer to the first surface than the second, and are formed at positions different from those of the surfaces; a reference potential conductor layer formed on the second surface; and a conductor pin located in the inner diameter of the ring-shaped conductor layer in planar view from the direction of the layering, that is connected to the reference potential conductor layer. In the planar view, the first and second feedlines include portions overlapping with the ring-shaped conductor layer, and the extending directions of the feedlines intersect with each other. The ring-shaped conductor layer is connected to neither the reference potential conductor layer nor the conductor pin, and neither the first nor second feedline is connected to the conductor pin.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are provided including a printed circuit board; a radiating element coupled to the printed circuit board and substantially perpendicular thereto; and radio frequency (RF) electronics associated with the antenna integrated with the printed circuit board. Related enclosures and systems are also provided.

Apparatus and techniques described herein can include antenna configurations and related fabrication. For example, a Z-axis meandering antenna configuration can be fabricated, such as by forming a dielectric substrate extending in two dimensions and defining an undulating region extending out of a plane defined by the two dimensions; and forming at least one conductive region following a contour of the dielectric substrate including at least a portion of the undulating region. The at least one conductive region can follow the contour of the dielectric substrate, such as including a first conductive region on a first layer, and a second conductive region on another layer separate from the first conductive region of the first conductive layer.

A RF antenna comprises a quartz resonator having electrodes disposed thereon with a magnetostrictive film disposed on the quartz resonator either on, partially under or adjacent at least one of the electrodes. A RF antenna having a magnetostrictive film may be made by patterning selected portions of a top surface of the quartz wafer for deposition of electrode metal and deposition of the magnetostrictive film and depositing the electrode metal and the magnetostrictive film; temporarily bonding the quartz wafer to a handle wafer; thinning the quartz wafer to a desired thickness; etching the quartz wafer to define the outlines of at least one quartz resonator bearing the electrode metal and the magnetostrictive film; patterning selected portions of a bottom surface the at least one quartz resonator for deposition of electrode metal and at least one bond pad and depositing the electrode metal and the at least one bond pad; bonding the at least one quartz resonator to a substrate wafer; and releasing the at least one quartz resonator from the handle wafer.

An antenna structure is disclosed. The antenna structure includes a first radiator in a shape corresponding to a circle and a plurality of second radiators each in a shape corresponding to an arc. The first radiator has a first feed-in point and a second feed-in point. One of the plurality of second radiators has a third feed-in point, and another of the plurality of second radiators has a fourth feed-in point.

An antenna apparatus includes, a ring-shaped antenna element positioned on a first plane; a grounding conductive plate positioned on a second plane parallel to the antenna element; a conductive member that is positioned on a side farther from a center position of the first plane enclosed by an outer periphery of the antenna element; and a power supply terminal. The power supply point is positioned in a predetermined nearby range from a boundary between a first region and a second region that include first and second angle ranges symmetrical with relation to the center position. The conductive member is positioned in at least one of the first region and the second region, and is provided in a position in which a spreading width from the center position in a distance direction are made different between the first region and the second region by the antenna element and the conductive member.

Ultra wideband (UWB) antennas are provided including a printed circuit board; a radiating element coupled to the printed circuit board and substantially perpendicular thereto; and radio frequency (RF) electronics associated with the antenna integrated with the printed circuit board. Related enclosures and systems are also provided.

Methods and systems for implementing and operating antennas, particularly multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, for radio telecommunications.

Included are: a first dielectric substrate provided with a first conductor ground plane on a front or back surface thereof; a plurality of patch antennas formed in the first conductor ground plane, a plurality of conductive members, ends of which connected to the first conductor ground plane to surround the patch antennas individually, and a second conductor ground plane connected to each of the other ends of the conductive members, and parts of the plurality of conductive members penetrate the first dielectric substrate, and the remaining parts of the conductive members function as spacers for providing an air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second conductor ground plane, and the plurality of conductive members functions as spacers for providing an air layer between the first conductor ground plane and the second conductor ground plane.

An access system for a vehicle is provided. The access system includes antennas and an access module. The antennas are configured to each receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The signal is transmitted on a 2.4 gigahertz frequency. The access module is configured to: downconvert the received signal to generate an in-phase signal and a quadrature phase signal; perform carrier phase based ranging including implementing a music algorithm to (i) determine a distance between the portable access device and the vehicle, and (ii) determine angles of arrival of the received signal as received at the antennas; determine a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the distance and the angles of arrival; and permit access to the vehicle based on the location.