Provided is an antenna module including: a phased array having a plurality of antennas and configured to communicate a first RF signal and a second RF signal, which are polarized in different directions; a front-end radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) including a first RF circuit configured to process or generate the first RF signal and a second RF circuit configured to process or generate the second signal; and a switch circuit configured to connect each of the first RF circuit and the second RE circuit to a first port or a second port of the antenna module according to a control signal. The first and second ports are each connectable to a back end RFIC that processes or generates a baseband signal.

An antenna assembly for a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader includes: a support member having an inner surface and an opposing outer surface; a first bifilar helical antenna element wound about a first helical axis extending from the outer surface of the support member, wherein the first helical axis is exclusive to the first helical antenna element; a first control terminal on the support member, electrically connected with the first bifilar helical antenna element; a second bifilar helical antenna element wound about a second helical axis extending from the outer surface of the support member, wherein the second helical axis is exclusive to the second helical antenna element; and a second control terminal on the support member, electrically connected with the second bifilar helical antenna element.

An antenna apparatus may include: a feed line; a ground plane disposed around a portion of the feed line; a feed via electrically connected to the feed line; a first end-fire antenna pattern disposed in front of the ground plane to be spaced apart from the ground plane, and electrically connected to the feed via; a second end-fire antenna pattern electrically connected to the feed line and disposed farther forward than the first end-fire antenna pattern; and a third end-fire antenna pattern electrically connected to the feed via, and disposed in front of the first end-fire antenna pattern in such a manner that a portion of the third end-fire antenna pattern overlaps the second end-fire antenna pattern.

A wireless communication antenna system includes: a radio-frequency circuit configured to couple to a printed circuit board; a broadside radiator configured and disposed to radiate first millimeter-wave energy at a first boresight away from a broadside surface of the printed circuit board; an end-fire radiator configured and disposed to radiate second millimeter-wave energy at a second boresight away from a side surface of the printed circuit board; and at least one flex cable each including a substrate, the at least one flex cable including a plurality of signal conductors coupled to the radio-frequency circuit; where at least one of the broadside radiator or the end-fire radiator is a cavity radiator; and where respective signal conductors of the plurality of signal conductors are disposed to excite the broadside radiator and the end-fire radiator.

An electronic device including an antenna and a conductive pattern formed around the antenna is provided. The electronic device includes a housing including a first plate, a second plate facing away from the first plate, and a side member surrounding a space between the first plate and the second plate, connected to the second plate or integrally formed with the second plate, and including a conductive material, an injection-molding material disposed in the space between the first plate and the second plate in the housing and formed of a non-conductive material, an antenna module including conductive radiators and supported by the injection-molding material, and a conductive pattern disposed on a first surface adjacent to the second plate of the injection-molding material or disposed inside the injection-molding material and disposed adjacent to a part of an edge of the antenna module corresponding to a boundary between the antenna module and the injection-molding material when viewed from the second plate in a direction of the first plate. A partial conductive radiator of the conductive radiators may be disposed to transmit and/or receive a signal through the second plate.

An antenna array for a global positioning system (GPS) includes a first antenna element and a number of second antenna elements. The antenna array is placed at a location on a spacecraft that is above the center of gravity of the spacecraft. The first antenna element is located at the center of the antenna array and is surrounded by the second antenna elements. The first antenna element can produce a beam with a predefined null-to-null beamwidth, and the second antenna elements can form a multi-beam phased array.

An antenna assembly minimizes reflection from a proximate reflective surface over a wide band and over a wide range of incident angles as a multi-layer diffuser. The planar structure includes first and second planar layers, each layer having first areas that are more conductive than second areas. Each area has a periphery that extends along a grid of first and second sets of parallel lines so that each area comprises one or more contiguous elements defined by the lines. The first and second areas are configured and arranged so that the planar layer can communicate electromagnetic energy wirelessly in a specific direction to the planar layer when an electrical connection is made to the first area(s). The first planar layer is positioned on top of the second planar layer. The respective second areas of second planar layer aligned with a corresponding second area of the first planar layer.

An antenna apparatus for calibrating one or more of a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array using one or more probes is disclosed. The apparatus includes an upconverter and/or downconverter (UDC) circuit and a calibration arrangement that includes a switching circuit. The switching circuit is configured to enable operation of the UDC in a first mode or in a second mode. When the UDC is in the first mode, the one or more probes are electrically disconnected from the UDC circuit and the UDC may be connected to at least one of the antenna elements. When the UDC is in the second mode, at least one of the one or more probes is connected to the UDC circuit.

Embodiments of wireless antenna array systems to achieve three-dimensional beam coverage are described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

An apparatus includes a phased array antenna panel and a plurality of beam former circuits. The phased array antenna panel generally comprises a plurality of antenna elements. The plurality of beam former circuits are each mounted on the phased array antenna panel adjacent to a number of the antenna elements. Each beam former circuit has one or more ports directly coupled to each of the adjacent antenna elements. Each beam former circuit may be configured to generate a plurality of radio-frequency output signals at the ports while in a transmit mode and receive a plurality of radio-frequency input signals at the ports while in a receive mode. Each beam former circuit generally implements a hard-wired address.