A light emitter device (100) comprises a substrate (10) and a photonic crystal (20), which is arranged on the substrate (10) and comprises pillar- and/or wall-shaped semiconductor elements (21), which are arranged periodically standing out from the substrate (10), wherein the photonic crystal (20) forms a resonator, in which the semiconductor elements (21) are arranged in a first resonator section (22) with a first period (d.sub.1), in a second resonator section (23) with a second period (d.sub.2) and in a third resonator section (24) with a third period (d.sub.3), wherein on the substrate (10) the second resonator section (23) and the third resonator section (24) are arranged on two mutually opposing sides of the first resonator section (22) and the second period (d.sub.2) and the third period (d.sub.3) differ from the first period (d1), the first resonator section (22) forms a light-emitting medium and the third resonator section (24) forms a coupling-out region, through which a part of the light field in the first resonator section (22) can be coupled out of the resonator in a light outcoupling direction parallel to a substrate surface (11) of the substrate (10). Methods for operating and producing the light emitter device (100) are also described.

A light emitting device includes a substrate, and a laminate provided to the substrate and including a plurality of columnar portions, where each of the columnar portions includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and a light emitting layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer includes a facet surface, a c surface, and an m surface, the light emitting layer includes a facet surface region provided to the facet surface, and a c surface region provided to the c surface, the light emitting layer does not include a region provided to the m surface, and the c surface region is larger than the facet surface region in a plan view as viewed from a laminating direction of the laminate.

The invention relates to a laser device (100) comprising a substrate (10), on the surface of which an optical waveguide (11) is arranged, which has an optical resonator (12, 13) with such a resonator length that at least one resonator mode forms a stationary wave in the resonator (12, 13), and an amplification medium that is arranged on a surface of the optical waveguide (11), wherein the amplification medium comprises a photonic crystal (20) having a plurality of column- and/or wall-shaped semiconductor elements (21) which are arranged periodically on the surface of the optical waveguide (11) while protruding from the optical waveguide (11), and wherein the photonic crystal (20) is designed to optically interact with the at least one resonator mode of the optical resonator (12, 13) and to amplify light having a wavelength of the at least one resonator mode of the optical resonator (12, 13). The invention also relates to methods for the operation and production of the laser device.

A light emitting apparatus including a plurality of first light emitters and a plurality of second light emitters that differ from the first light emitters in terms of resonance wavelength, in which the second light emitters are each disposed between each adjacent pair of the first light emitters, first light that resonates in the plurality of first light emitters is in phase, and second light that resonates in the plurality of second light emitters is in phase.

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes an active layer having a quantum well structure, a first laminate for a first distributed Bragg reflector, and a first spacer region provided between the active layer and the first laminate. A barrier layer of the quantum well structure includes a first compound semiconductor containing aluminum as a group m constituent element. The first spacer region includes a second compound semiconductor having a larger aluminum composition than the first compound semiconductor. A concentration of first dopant in the first laminate is larger than a concentration of the first dopant in the first portion of the first spacer region. The concentration of the first dopant in the first portion of the first spacer region is larger than a concentration of the first dopant in the second portion of the first spacer region.

The present disclosure provides a backlight module, which includes at least one quantum wire unit. The at least one quantum wire unit is configured to have an effective wire width such that the at least one quantum wire unit is capable of converting electric energy to emit light of a selected wavelength. Each of quantum wire unit comprises a first electrode, disposed on a first side of a substrate layer; a first buffer layer, disposed on a second side of the substrate layer; an active layer, disposed over the first buffer layer; a second buffer layer, disposed over the active layer; and a second electrode disposed over the second buffer layer. Each quantum wire unit, along with the substrate layer, forms a quantum wire laser generator, which is configured such that the active layer emits light upon application of a voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode.

An optical apparatus comprises a semiconductor substrate, and a supermode filtering waveguide (SFW) emitter disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The SFW emitter comprises a first optical waveguide, a spacer layer, and a second optical waveguide spaced apart from the first optical waveguide by the spacer layer. The second optical waveguide is evanescently coupled with the first optical waveguide and is configured, in conjunction with the first waveguide, to selectively propagate only a first mode of a plurality of optical modes. The SFW emitter further comprises an optically active region disposed in one of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide.

A method for fabricating a nanostructure comprises the steps of growing a first nanowire on a substrate, forming a dielectric layer on the substrate, the dielectric layer surrounding the first nanowire, wherein a thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller than a length of the first nanowire, and removing the first nanowire from the dielectric layer, thereby exposing an aperture in the dielectric layer.

According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a semiconductor layer on the substrate, the semiconductor layer having a beam structure that is subjected to a tensile strain, wherein the beam structure includes a plurality of nanostructures, and wherein, for each nanostructure of the plurality of nanostructures, the nanostructure is configured to locally amplify the tensile strain at the nanostructure to define a strain-induced artificial quantum heterostructure for quantum confinement. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming an optical device is also provided.

An all-epitaxial, electrically injected surface-emitting green laser operates in a range of about 520-560 nanometers (nm). At 523 nm, for example, the device exhibits a threshold current density of approximately 0.4 kilo-amperes per square centimeter (kA/cm.sup.2), which is over one order of magnitude lower than that of previously reported blue laser diodes.