A battery pack is provided including a body having a first wall forming a first face from which a connection port extends for connection to a power tool or a charger, and a second wall forming a substantially planar second face. A finger notch recessed in the second face extends along an elongate axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the body.

A method of controlling a portable device of an electrical system is provided, the device including an electrically heated aerosol-generating device configured to receive an aerosol-generating substrate, the device further including a rechargeable power supply and at least one electrical heating element, the method including: monitoring an ambient temperature adjacent the device; and providing power to the heating element from the rechargeable power supply in dependence on the ambient temperature adjacent the device, such that when the ambient temperature adjacent the device is within a pre-determined temperature range, providing power to the heating element, and such that when the ambient temperature adjacent the device is below a lower end of the pre-determined temperature range, and when the ambient temperature adjacent the device is above a higher end of the pre-determined temperature range, preventing power being supplied to the heating element.

Disclosed is a rapid short-circuit protection circuit of charger at output end. With the short-circuit protection circuit adopted at an output end of a battery charger, MOS switch transistors in a battery power supply circuit may not burn out when an output end VOUT of the battery charger is short-circuited, and thus a good short-circuit protection effect is rendered.

A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a power supply that is able to discharge power to a load for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generation source; and a control unit that is configured to control at least one of charging and discharging of the power supply such that the power supply does not become one or both of a fully charged state and a discharging termination state.

A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a power supply that is able to discharge power to a load for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generation source; and a control unit that is configured to control at least one of charging and discharging of the power supply such that the power supply does not become one or both of a fully charged state and a discharging termination state.

An action generator includes: an action selection unit that selects an action including setting related to a state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage device on the basis of action evaluation information; a state acquisition unit that acquires a state including a state of health (SOH) of the energy storage device when the action selected by the action selection unit is executed; a reward acquisition unit that acquires a reward in reinforcement learning when the action selected by the action selection unit is executed; an updating unit that updates the action evaluation information on the basis of the state acquired by the state acquisition unit and the reward acquired by the reward acquisition unit; and an action generation unit that generates an action corresponding to the state of the energy storage device on the basis of the action evaluation information updated by the updating unit.

A charging system of an electric vehicle battery is provided. The charging system has a charging station and at least one charging cable connectable to a battery to be charged. The charging station has at least one power unit provided with a power card adapted to charge the battery and a female-type connector adapted to connect to a male-type connector of the at least one charging cable. The at least one charging cable and the charging station have respective authentication circuits configured to implement a cable authentication algorithm which, in case of positive outcome, enables charging the battery. The charging system allows charging batteries of different types and working voltages. A method for charging an electric vehicle battery is also provided.

A control assembly for a thermal management system for a high voltage battery of a plug-in electric vehicle may include a control valve and a control module. The control valve may be operable to control a flow of battery coolant to the high voltage battery from a refrigerant cooling circuit and from a cabin heater core cooling circuit. The control module may be configured to selectively operate the control valve to select a cooling mode, including a refrigerant only mode, a core mode, and a combined mode in which both the refrigerant cooling circuit and the cabin heater core cooling circuit provide cooling to the high voltage battery.

A battery control device includes: a first identification unit configured to acquire an identification voltage which is output according to a type of a battery from the battery and to identify the type of the battery based on the acquired identification voltage; a second identification unit configured to acquire identification information for identifying the type of the battery from the battery and to identify the type of the battery based on the acquired identification information; and an estimation unit configured to estimate the type of the battery based on an identification result from the first identification unit and an identification result from the second identification unit.

An electrical system for a vehicle includes a main battery system configured to provide power for starting/cranking an engine of the vehicle, an auxiliary battery system configured to provide power for powering a set of accessory loads of the vehicle during starting/cranking of the engine, and a solid-state device disposed therebetween and including a solid-state switch configured to close/open to connect/disconnect the main and auxiliary battery systems to/from each other and intelligence circuity configured to monitor voltages in the main and auxiliary battery systems or current flowing therethrough and, based on the monitoring, commanding the solid-state switch to open to isolate the other of the main and auxiliary battery systems, wherein the isolated one of the main and auxiliary battery systems is configured to provide a degraded but operational operation of an L2+ autonomous driving feature of the vehicle.