A battery management circuit includes: a reference signal generator that generates a first reference frequency signal and a second reference frequency signal having a phase different from a phase of the first reference frequency signal; an alternating-current superimposer that superimposes an alternating current on the secondary battery, the alternating current having a frequency component of the first reference frequency signal; a voltage measurer that measures a voltage of the secondary battery by performing sampling using a frequency; a current measurer that measures a current of the secondary battery by performing sampling using a frequency; and a converter that converts each of results of measurements by the voltage measurer and the current measurer into a complex voltage and a complex current, by multiplying the result of the measurement by the first reference frequency signal and the second reference frequency signal.

An electric working machine in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a motor and a controller. The motor is configured to be electrically coupled to a battery pack and to be driven with electric power from the battery pack. The controller is configured to acquire an internal resistance information of the battery pack and to change control of the motor based on the internal resistance information acquired.

The invention discloses an adaptor or coupling arrangement for a device to bus contact connection. According to the invention, the coupling arrangement may be integrated in the device or configured to mate externally to the device. The coupling arrangement comprises electrical contact areas configured to mate to a mating surface that is itself configured to connect to a power line, one or more data lines, or both. The coupling arrangement also comprises an electronic circuit that is configured to perform one or more anti-inversion of current functions. Thus the coupling arrangement of the invention allows detection of the current connections established or not with conductive areas of the mating surface. Also, the coupling arrangement operates as a protection circuit that prevents any short circuit, whatever the positioning of the device on the mating surface. The coupling arrangement may be used to operate smart phones, tablets, laptops or other types of electrical appliances.

A battery and a corresponding battery charger, wherein the battery charger can identify a type of the connected battery to ensure that an appropriate charging current is supplied.

A power supply unit for an aerosol generation device includes: a power supply configured to supply power to a heater configured to heat an aerosol source; a receptacle configured to receive power for charging the power supply from a plug connected to an external power supply; a charger configured to control charging of the power supply by power received by the receptacle; and a controller. The receptacle and the power supply are connected in parallel with the charger, and the charger is configured to supply power from the receptacle and the power supply to the controller via the charger.

A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a power supply configured to supply power to a load that atomizes an aerosol source; a temperature sensor configured to acquire a temperature of the power supply; a controller; and a circuit board on which a plurality of elements including the temperature sensor and the controller are mounted. The circuit board includes a first surface and a second surface which is a reverse surface from the first surface or is located on a side opposite from the first surface. The plurality of elements are mounted on each of the first surface and the second surface. The second surface faces the power supply, and/or the second surface is arranged closer to the power supply than the first surface. The temperature sensor is mounted on the second surface.

The invention relates to a method for operating a charging device for charging an electric energy storage device from a first charge state to a second charge state. The first charge state is lower than the second charge state, and the charging device is connected to an interface. The charging device communicates with the energy storage device and ascertains the charge state thereof. In an additional step, the charging device obtains the efficiency characteristic field of the electric energy storage device and the efficiency characteristic field of the charging device. The invention relates to a method for operating a charging device for charging an electric energy storage device from a first charge state to a second charge state. The first charge state is lower than the second charge state, and the charging device is connected to an interface. The charging device communicates with the energy storage device and ascertains the charge state thereof. In an additional step, the charging device obtains the efficiency characteristic field of the electric energy storage device and the efficiency characteristic field of the charging device.

The present disclosure relates to a battery charger (100). The battery charger (100) includes a charging circuit (110) which comprises a primary transformer circuit (200) connectable to a power source (120) to receive charging current from the power source (120) and a plurality of secondary transformer circuits (210,220). At least one of the plurality of secondary circuits (210, 220) is arranged to cooperate with the primary transformer circuit (200) to provide a charging voltage to at least one battery (130), and the plurality of secondary transformer circuits (210,220) are connected in series with each other. A first secondary transformer circuit (210) is configured to provide a first charging voltage to the at least one battery (130) by means of a first associated output (10). At least one second secondary transformer circuit (220) is configured to provide an additive charging voltage, which is added to the first charging voltage from the first secondary transformer circuit (210) to form a second charging voltage. The second charging voltage is provided to the at least one battery (130) by means of a second associated output (20).

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data collected over a period of time for a large number of batteries and different types of batteries, may be collected and analyzed to generate or refine a learned database of EIS waveforms and induction responses to perform in-situ analysis of the battery and suggest optimal time for charging the battery.

A low-voltage distribution board and a direct current fast charging (DCFC) system including the low-voltage distribution board are provided. The DCFC system includes a power supply and a plurality of loads connected by a serial bus. The low-voltage distribution board includes a first input connector configured to receive power from the first power supply, and a first plurality of output connectors configured to be connected to the first plurality of loads. The low-voltage distribution board further includes a first current distribution circuit configured to provide, through the first plurality of output connectors, the received power from the first power supply to the first plurality of loads, and an identification (ID) assignment circuit configured to provide, through the first plurality of output connectors, different ID values to each of the first plurality of loads.