Devices, systems, methods, computer-implemented methods, and/or computer program products to facilitate an intelligent battery cell with integrated monitoring and switches are provided. According to an embodiment, a device can comprise active battery cell material. The device can further comprise an internal circuit coupled to the active battery cell material and comprising: one or more switches coupled to battery cell poles of the device; and a processor that operates the one or more switches to provide a defined value of electric potential at the battery cell poles.

Provided is a battery module and battery rack having enhanced fire safety features. The battery module includes a swelling/pressure sensor that detects swelling of a battery cell. An output signal of the sensor is used to halt operation of a battery rack/battery system containing the battery module and prevent charging and discharging of the battery module. In an embodiment, the battery module uses an AC-to-AC power supply to provide AC frequency power for balancing battery cells of the battery module. In an embodiment, the battery rack includes an internal water fire suppression system that provides battery cooling in the event of a battery cell fire to prevent the spread and/or reigniting of the fire.

The present invention relates to a system for detecting swelling of a battery, the system including: a plurality of detecting units which is provided at one or more battery modules of a battery pack, respectively, and detects gas branched from a battery cell of the battery module; a control unit which selects the largest detection value among the detection values of the respective detecting units, determines a level of the selected detection value according to a size of the selected detection value, and controls an operation of a peripheral apparatus based on the corresponding level; and a switch unit which is provided in a connection path of the battery pack and an external power source and is turned on and off according to a signal of the control unit.

A system and method for using unrecoverable energy in a battery cell is disclosed in this application. A system includes a battery cell, the battery cell includes an excess amount of cathode or anode that can function as half cells in an emergency. A user, such as a pilot, can command a controller to utilize unrecoverable energy based on battery data presented to the user.

Provided is a battery module and battery rack having enhanced fire safety features. The battery module includes an applied pressure assembly with integrated sensor that detects swelling of a battery cell. An output signal of the sensor is used to halt operation of a battery system containing the battery module and an output signal of the sensor is used to halt charging and discharging of the battery module. In an embodiment, the battery module uses an AC-to-AC power supply to provide audio frequency power for balancing battery cells of the battery module. In an embodiment, the battery rack includes a directed water fire suppression system that provides battery cooling after a fire to ensure the fire does not reignite.

A charging method, a charging apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The method includes: charging a to-be-charged battery module by using a charging current in a first constant current charging phase, where charging currents in a plurality of constant current charging phases are sequentially arranged, and the charging current in the first constant current charging phase is a charging current in a non-last-order constant current charging phase; determining an expansion force of the battery module; and determining, based on the expansion force, whether to adjust a current for charging the battery module from the charging current in the first constant current charging phase to a charging current in a second constant current charging phase, where the charging current in the second constant current charging phase is a charging current in a next-order constant current charging phase of the charging current in the first constant current charging phase.

A control device for controlling charging of a non-aqueous metal air battery, the control device being configured to: determine a CO.sub.2 concentration (C.sub.x) and an increase rate (RCO.sub.2) of CO.sub.2 concentration in the battery, charge the battery in case both the CO.sub.2 concentration (C.sub.x) before starting charging exceeds a predetermined CO.sub.2 threshold (C.sub.T) and the increase rate of the CO.sub.2 concentration (RCO.sub.2) during charging is below a predetermined threshold value (C.sub.T/Ah.sub.T, C.sub.T/t), and stop charging when the increase rate (RCO.sub.2) exceeds the predetermined threshold value (C.sub.T/Ah.sub.T, C.sub.T/t). Also, a corresponding method of controlling charging of a rechargeable battery.

A charging control system for a battery includes temperature sensing means configured to provide temperature value associated with the battery, voltage sensing means configured to provide a battery's voltage value, pressure sensing means configured to provide the battery's internal portion pressure value, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a threshold pressure change associated with a full charge of the battery based on map data selected from a predetermined data map associated with the battery monitor, during the charging process, a present voltage value obtained by the voltage sensing means and a total pressure change based on a present pressure value obtained by the pressure sensing means, continue the charging process when the present voltage value exceeds an upper limit voltage value, and total pressure change is less than threshold pressure change and terminate the charging process when the present voltage value exceeds the upper limit voltage value

A system and method for using unrecoverable energy in a battery cell is disclosed in this application. A system includes a battery cell, the battery cell includes an excess amount of cathode or anode that can function as half cells in an emergency. A user, such as a pilot, can command a controller to utilize unrecoverable energy based on battery data presented to the user.

A battery monitoring system includes a hydrogen sensing system configured to selectively measure a plurality of hydrogen concentrations in a plurality of battery cells, respectively. A controller is configured to detect battery cell overtemperature in at least one of the plurality of battery cells in response to a corresponding one of the plurality of measured hydrogen concentrations of the plurality of battery cells.