A vehicle drive system includes: a power supply in which a battery and a capacitor are connected in series; a primary drive motor to which a voltage of the battery is provided; secondary drive motors to each of which a total voltage (Vin) of the battery and the power supply capacitor is provided; a charging circuit; and a control circuit that controls charging/discharging of the power supply. The control circuit operates switches SW1, SW2 of the charging circuit so as to control charging/discharging of the battery and the capacitor.

Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

A power supply system having a plurality of power systems is provided with a power output section in each of the power systems, an electrical load in each of the power systems, operating from power supplied by the power output section, main paths that connect the power output sections of adjacent ones of the power systems, an inter-system switch that establishes a conducting condition between the adjacent power systems by being turned on and establishes a disconnected condition between the adjacent power systems by being turned off, and an intra-system switch in each of the power systems, which is disposed on the main path between the power output section and the inter-system switch, and which establishes a conducting condition between the power output section and the electrical load by being turned on and establishes a disconnected condition between the power output section and the electrical load by being turned off.

A battery regenerative breaking control method applied in an electric vehicle is provided. The battery regenerative breaking control method includes: determining whether a battery pack is at a protection status when the electric vehicle is detected to be at a regenerative breaking status; recording a current battery error time point and obtaining a time threshold according to a current speed of the electric vehicle if it is determined that the battery pack is at the protection status; determining whether a current time is smaller than the time threshold; entering a first stage to adjust a pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle if the current time is smaller than the time threshold; and entering a second stage to adjust a PWM frequency if the current time is larger than the time threshold.

An aircraft adaptive battery charging system is provided. The adaptive battery charging system comprises: a battery system; a bidirectional converter, wherein the bidirectional converter is capable of an inverter mode and a rectifier mode; an alternating current (AC) motor; a number of controllable contactors that control electrical current between the battery system, bidirectional converter, AC motor, and a power source wherein the controllable contactors can be switched between a closed position to allow electrical current flow and an open position to prevent electrical current flow; a motor controller; a battery charging system controller configured to send control signals to the battery system, motor controller, and controllable contactors in response to system command signals; and a vehicle system controller that sends system command signals to the motor controller and battery charging system controller.

A positive common line and a negative common line are connected to a power source connector connected to a battery pack. First filters are provided on these two common lines, respectively. The positive common line is branched into a positive front line and a positive rear line. The negative common line is branched into a negative front line and a negative rear line. These two front lines are connected to a front power connector that is connected to a front power control unit. These two rear lines are connected to a rear power connector that is connected to a rear power control unit. It is possible to suppress electromagnetic noise on common lines.

Controlling a hybrid power system includes calculating a power system state vector based on energy demand and a stored data array including a matrix defined by a power system hardware configuration. The control further includes producing a power request based on the power system state vector, and varying a flow of energy amongst energy devices using drive linkages in the hybrid power system based on the power request. Related apparatus, control logic and controller structure is disclosed.

A power supply system includes: a capacitive first battery; an output-type second battery having a smaller heat capacity than the first battery; a voltage converter that converts a voltage between first and second power circuits; a power converter that converts power between the first power circuit and a drive motor; and a power controller that operates the voltage converter and the power converter. The power controller is configured to: after a start of operation, execute a power pass control under which power is transferred between the first and second batteries, until a total output upper limit Ptot_max of all the batteries exceeds a travelable threshold value Pready1; and subsequent to the power pass control, execute a second priority control under which the second battery is discharged in preference to the first battery, until a first output upper limit P1_max of the first battery exceeds a margin traveling threshold value Pready2.

One embodiment provides an electrical circuit coupled to an alternator. The electrical circuit includes a rotor and stator coils. The electrical circuit is configured to receive, at a point when an engine is operating, an electrical current that is induced in the stator coils by rotation of the rotor and charge a battery pack with the electrical current and inhibit generation of a spark by the engine while the alternator is powered by the battery pack until a speed of the alternator is greater than a threshold. The electrical circuit is further configured to power the alternator, at a point when the engine is not operating, with electrical current supplied by the battery pack coupled to a battery connector to start the engine.

A transportation refrigeration system including: a transportation refrigeration unit; an energy storage device configured to provide electrical power to the transportation refrigeration unit; an electric generation device operably connected to at least one of a wheel and a wheel axle of the transport refrigeration system, the electric generation device being configured to generate electrical power from at least one of the wheel and the wheel axle to charge the energy storage device when the electric generation device is activated; a rotational velocity sensor configured to detect a rotational velocity of the electric generation device; and a power management module in electrical communication with the energy storage device, the electric generation device, and the rotational velocity sensor, wherein the power management module is configured to decrease a torque limit of the electric generation device when the rotational velocity of the electric generation device decelerates greater than a selected deceleration.