A current meter measures a current value associated with input power inputted to a code modulator. A code modulation circuit modulates the input power to generate a code-modulated wave by code modulation using a modulation code based on a code sequence, and transmits the code-modulated wave to the code demodulator via a transmission path. A control circuit controls the code modulation circuit. The code modulation circuit has operation modes different from each other depending on a direction of the input power, and a direction of the code-modulated wave to be generated. The control circuit generates waveform information indicating variations of direction of the input power over time, based on the current value measured by the current meter, and determines the operation mode of the code modulation circuit based on the waveform information.

A code modulator transmits power to at least one code demodulator via a transmission path. The code modulator is provided with: a code modulation circuit to which output power of a power supply is supplied, the code modulation circuit modulating the output power of the power supply to generate a code-modulated wave by code modulation using a modulation code based on a code sequence, and transmitting the code-modulated wave to the code demodulator via the transmission path; and a control circuit that controls the code modulation circuit. The control circuit sets a frequency of the modulation code to a multiple of an output power frequency of the power supply.

Delivery of an amount of electrical energy between an energy producing entity and an energy consuming entity. The amount of energy is delivered via an electricity distribution network in the form of at least one temporal flow of electric power, at a constant level on at least a main part of the flow. In particular, in order to identify the delivery via the network, the flow further comprises an additional part comprising delivery identification data, the electric power being modulated in amplitude in the additional part, the additional part therefore having periods when the electric power is lower than said constant level of the main part of the flow.

A power generation system includes a power source that is configured to communicate with at least one of a downstream load or a downstream device by changing a voltage on a power bus between the power source and the at least one of the downstream load or the downstream device, while power source provides power on the power bus to the at least one of the downstream load or the downstream device.

The power transmitter apparatus is provided with code modulators which modulate powers of phase components of three-phase alternating-current power to generate code-modulated waves, respectively, by code modulation using modulation codes based on code sequences different from each other, and transmits the code-modulated waves to the at least one power receiver apparatus via the transmission path. The power receiver apparatus is provided with code demodulators, each of which demodulates one code-modulated wave of the received code-modulated waves to generate code-demodulated power by code demodulation using a demodulation code based on a code sequence identical to the code sequence of the modulation code used for the code modulation of the one code-modulated wave, the code-demodulated power being generated as power of one of phase components of multiphase alternating-current power.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for developing electrical grid mapping. One of the methods includes obtaining a computer model of an electric power grid; generating a network graph representation of the computer model, wherein nodes of the network graph represent grid assets of the computer model and edges of the network graph represent wires connecting the grid assets; generating an initial prediction of links between nodes in the network graph by adding at least one edge to the network graph to obtain an over-connected graph; applying the over-connected network graph as input to a machine learning model to obtain an annotated network graph, the machine learning model configured to identify edges as positive links and negative links, and apply annotations to the edges indicating whether each edge is a positive or negative link; and updating the model based on the annotated network graph.

A method for protecting at least a part of a network segment of an electrical power distribution network has: detecting voltage dips at the intermediate feeding devices of the line arrangements by the voltage dip detection devices; generating and feeding an electrical signal into the line arrangement by the signal generating device at each intermediate feeding device at which one of the voltage dips is detected, the electrical signals having frequencies different from a network frequency of the network segment; receiving the electrical signals via the line arrangements by the receiving devices of the line protection devices; detecting electrical faults on the line arrangement using the electrical signals received by the triggering device of the respective line protection device; and triggering the disconnecting device of the line protection device of the line arrangement, where an electric fault is detected, by the triggering device so that the line arrangement is electrically disconnected from the further element.

The invention concerns a switching system (6) for activating and deactivating of an electrical appliance (100) comprising a remote switch control device (9) that comprises a first terminal (90) electrically connected to a first power line (8), a second terminal (91) electrically connected to a second power line (7), and a third terminal (92) connectable to an electrical 5 terminal of the electrical appliance. The remote switch control device (9) is configured to modify the electrical connection between the first and the third terminal (90, 92) in response to a detection of an attenuation of an electrical parameter between the first and second terminals (90,91) caused by a electromechanical switch (1) configured to be manually actionable by 10 a user. The invention further concerns the remote switch control device (9) and a method for installing a switching system using the remote switch control device (9) and the electromechanical switch.

An online monitoring method for dynamic changes in positions of transmission line conductors based on electromagnetic signals of ground wires and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: monitoring electromagnetic signals of ground wires; in response to changing in the electromagnetic signals, sending waveforms of the electromagnetic signals of the ground wires before and after changing to a data processing end; deducing change situations of mutual inductances between the ground wires and conductors based on values of conductor currents and the change situations of the electromagnetic signals of the ground wires, and further deducing position change situations of the conductors based on the change situations of the mutual inductances between the ground wires and the conductors; and obtaining dynamic changes in positions and movement statuses of the transmission line conductor based on the position change situations of the conductors.

A network subscriber unit for an electrical energy supply network includes a control unit configured to control the power exchange of the network subscriber unit with the energy supply network, a device configured to determine a voltage zero crossing at a connection point of the network subscriber unit with the energy supply network and a receiving unit of the network subscriber unit configured to receive a signal of a reference time. The control unit is in this case configured to determine a time offset between a time of the voltage zero crossing determined by the device and the received reference time and to control the power exchange based on the time offset.