An energy management system having a fuel cell apparatus (150) as a power generator that generates power using fuel, and an EMS (200) that communicates with the fuel cell apparatus (150). The EMS (200) receives messages that indicate a type of the fuel cell apparatus (150), from the fuel cell apparatus (150).

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of voltage measurement using paired comparison analysis applied to calculating a shift in average usage per customer from one time period to another time period for a given electrical use population where the pairing process is optimized using a novel technique to improve the accuracy of the measurement.

Systems and methods for battery management are disclosed. A system may include an internal control network including multiple node controllers powered by a unique cell or combination of cells of a battery. The node controllers may communicate with each other via a node communication system. Each node controller may be responsible for managing a charge level associated with one or more cells. The one or more devices of the internal control network may enable measurement of environmental factors such as a temperature and a current and voltage applied at the battery. Based on the measured environmental factors, the internal control network may perform an ongoing assessment of the one or more cells of the battery and of an overall battery condition. The internal control network may initiate turning on or off a battery output to prevent over discharge and possible damage to the battery or devices connected to the battery.

An emergency luminaire includes an emergency luminaire light source to emit emergency illumination lighting. The emergency luminaire also includes an emergency luminaire power supply configured to be driven by an emergency power line. The emergency luminaire further includes emergency luminaire programming, wherein execution of the emergency luminaire programming configures the emergency luminaire to implement the following functions. The emergency luminaire tracks an active message gap time. In response to receiving a normal power active message from a respective member device of a plurality of member devices of a lighting control group before the tracked active message gap time exceeds an active message timeout, the emergency luminaire resets the active message gap time. In response to the tracked active message gap time exceeding the active message timeout, the emergency luminaire enters an emergency mode (EM) active state by controlling the emergency luminaire light source to emit the emergency illumination lighting.

A method for managing electrical loads includes monitoring current of the branch circuits to determine an electricity demand of the branch circuits. The method includes comparing an available supply with the electricity demand. Each of the branch circuits are connected to the available supply by a circuit breaker that requires manual reset (e.g., if tripped) connected in series with a controllable relay. The method includes controlling the controllable relays to connect and disconnect the branch circuits from the available supply.

Described is an apparatus which comprises: an antenna to sense or receive energy from an external source; a harvesting module to harvest power according to the sensed or received energy; a decoder coupled to the harvesting module, the decoder to decode the sensed or received energy and to generate one or more commands; and one or more switches operable to turn on or off according to the one or more commands.

A wireless data transmission system for transmitting measurement data of a power utility is adapted such that the measurement data is transmitted in a first operating mode and wireless transmission of the measurement data is paused in a second operating mode. The wireless data transmission system operates in the first or second operating mode as a function of temperature.

A method by which a wireless power transmitter transmits wireless power, according to one embodiment of the present specification, comprises: a ping step of transmitting a digital ping, and receiving a response to the digital ping from a wireless power receiver; a configuration step of receiving, from the wireless power receiver, a configuration packet including information about whether the wireless power receiver supports an authentication function; and a power transmission step of transmitting wireless power to the wireless power receiver, wherein the power transmission step includes a low-power transmission step of transmitting low wireless power, an authentication step of authenticating the wireless power transmitter on the basis the supporting of the authentication function by the wireless power receiver, and a high-power transmission step of transmitting high wireless power on the basis of the successful authentication of the wireless power transmitter in the authentication step.

A load control device may be used to control and deliver power to an electrical load. The load control device may comprise a control circuit for controlling the power delivered to the electrical load. The load control device may comprise multiple actuators, where each of the actuators is connected between a terminal of the control circuit and a current regulating device. The number of the actuators may be greater than the number of the terminals. The control circuit may measure signals at the terminals and determine a state configuration for the actuators based on the measured signals. The control circuit may compare the state configuration to a predetermined dataset to detect a ghosting condition.

A system for controlling the area circuits that stem from a circuit breaker box in a building. A switch activation unit is provided and is wired to the outgoing wires of a circuit breaker box. The switch activation unit contains a switch for each of the area circuits to be controlled. The switches are wired in series between the circuit breakers in the circuit breaker box and the area circuits. A control unit communicates with the switch activation unit and selectively controls the on/off state of its switches. The control unit is programmable and can activate and deactivate different area circuits at different preprogrammed times. The control unit can also be operated remotely using a link to a smart device.