A system includes a high side transistor switch coupled to a first voltage node and a low side transistor switch coupled to the high side transistor switch at a switch node. The system further includes a unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit including a capacitive component. The unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit is coupled between the first voltage node and a common potential. Responsive to a voltage on the first voltage node being more than a threshold greater than an input voltage to the first voltage node, the unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit is configured to sink current from the first voltage node to the capacitive component. The capacitive component can therefore be charged, with the charge used to subsequently power a load.

A system includes a high side transistor switch coupled to a first voltage node and a low side transistor switch coupled to the high side transistor switch at a switch node. The system further includes a unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit including a capacitive component. The unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit is coupled between the first voltage node and a common potential. Responsive to a voltage on the first voltage node being more than a threshold greater than an input voltage to the first voltage node, the unidirectional decoupling capacitor circuit is configured to sink current from the first voltage node to the capacitive component. The capacitive component can therefore be charged, with the charge used to subsequently power a load.

A switching converter includes a controller configured or programmed to detect voltages of snubber capacitors, a voltage of a first capacitor, and a voltage of a second capacitor using voltage sensors. The controller adjusts the turn-off timings of switches based on the voltages of the snubber capacitors, the voltage between terminals of the first capacitor, and the voltage of the second capacitor.

A power converter includes a first positive terminal, a first negative terminal, a second positive terminal, a second negative terminal, a first capacitor and N phase conversion circuits. The first capacitor is connected between the second positive terminal and the second negative terminal. Each phase conversion circuit includes a first main switch, a second main switch, a second capacitor, a freewheeling switch, an inductor and a bridge arm circuit. The first main switch is electrically connected with the first positive terminal. The second capacitor is electrically connected with the first main switch and the second main switch. The freewheeling switch is electrically connected between the second main switch and the second negative terminal. The inductor is electrically connected with the second main switch. The second main switch is also electrically connected with the first main switch of an adjacent phase conversion circuit.

A power converter includes a first positive terminal, a first negative terminal, a second positive terminal, a second negative terminal, a first capacitor and N phase conversion circuits. The first capacitor is connected between the second positive terminal and the second negative terminal. Each phase conversion circuit includes a first main switch, a second main switch, a second capacitor, a freewheeling switch, an inductor and a bridge arm circuit. The first main switch is electrically connected with the first positive terminal. The second capacitor is electrically connected with the first main switch and the second main switch. The freewheeling switch is electrically connected between the second main switch and the second negative terminal. The inductor is electrically connected with the second main switch. The second main switch is also electrically connected with the first main switch of an adjacent phase conversion circuit.

A multi-level buck converter includes an input power source, an input capacitor, first to fourth switches, a clamp capacitor, an output inductor, a clamp switch, a clamp diode, an output capacitor, an output load, a current detection circuit, a voltage detection circuit and a control circuit. The current detection circuit detects whether an inductor current of the output inductor exceeds a predetermined current value, and if so, the output clamp signal controls the clamp switch to be turned on. The voltage detection circuit generates a duty cycle control signal according to an error between an output voltage and a target output voltage. The control circuit controls the first to the fourth switches to sequentially enter a first mode, a second mode, a third mode, and a fourth mode in a first part of a duty cycle.

The power supply apparatus including a high-voltage generation unit generating a DC voltage VA includes a Zener diode that drops the DC voltage VA to a DC voltage VB, a resistor connected to a line to which the DC voltage VA is output, and a voltage divider that generates a DC voltage VC by dividing the DC voltage VA with the resistor, and the voltage divider adjusts the DC voltage VC such that the potential difference between the DC voltage VB and the DC voltage VC is within a predetermined range.

A substrate includes a first insulation layer, a passive component, a first through-hole structure, a second insulation layer and a second electrode. The first insulation layer has a top surface and a bottom surface. The passive component is embedded in the first insulation layer. The passive component includes a first conducting terminal. The first through-hole structure is formed in the first insulation layer. The first through-hole structure includes a conductive part and an insulation part disposed within the conductive part. The conductive part is in contact with the first conducting terminal and formed as a first electrode. The second insulation layer is disposed on portion of the conductive part that is close to the bottom surface of the first insulation layer. At least part of the second electrode is disposed on the second insulation layer. The second electrode is in contact with the first insulation layer.

A substrate includes a first insulation layer, a passive component, a first through-hole structure, a second insulation layer and a second electrode. The first insulation layer has a top surface and a bottom surface. The passive component is embedded in the first insulation layer. The passive component includes a first conducting terminal. The first through-hole structure is formed in the first insulation layer. The first through-hole structure includes a conductive part and an insulation part disposed within the conductive part. The conductive part is in contact with the first conducting terminal and formed as a first electrode. The second insulation layer is disposed on portion of the conductive part that is close to the bottom surface of the first insulation layer. At least part of the second electrode is disposed on the second insulation layer. The second electrode is in contact with the first insulation layer.

A regulation loop circuit and a method for a buck converter for receiving an input voltage and providing an output voltage are presented. The buck converter has a capacitive divider coupled to the input terminal and comprising a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a plurality of switches. An inductor is coupled to the capacitive divider at a switching node and is coupled to the output terminal. The regulation loop circuit is coupled to the output terminal and a reference voltage. The loop regulates the output voltage based on the reference voltage by i) regulating a switching node voltage by switching the buck converter through a plurality of phases. and ii) maintaining an approximately equal duration for each phase.