A multi-level voltage regulator system/method providing discrete regulation of a DC-DC intermediate bus converter (IBC) output voltage (Vout) is disclosed. The disclosed system/method allows IBC Vout to be regulated in discrete steps during periods where IBC input voltage (Vin) falls below nominal operating values. Rather than shutting down or degrading IBC Vout in an unpredictable non-linear fashion based on IBC input/loading, IBC Vout is regulated in fixed discrete steps, allowing IBC-connected point-of-load (POL) converters to obtain stable power input that is well-defined over IBC Vin. IBC operating parameters may define multi-dimensional operational state spaces of IBC Vout regulation that ensure optimum power flow to attached POLs while maintaining operational stability within the IBC regulator. Instabilities in IBC /POL performance across variations in IBC Vin, load transients, POL loading, and environmental variables may be prevented using Vin voltage step hysteresis.

An electronic device includes a transistor having a body and a body biasing circuit. The body biasing circuit includes a threshold estimator circuit to estimate a threshold voltage of the transistor and a comparison circuit to compare the threshold voltage of the transistor to a reference threshold voltage and to generate a comparison signal based thereupon. A bias adjust circuit generates a body biasing voltage that biases the body of the transistor as a function of the comparison signal, the body biasing voltage being a voltage that, when applied to the body of the transistor, adjusts the threshold voltage thereof to be equal to the reference threshold voltage.

An electronic device includes a transistor having a body and a body biasing circuit. The body biasing circuit includes a threshold estimator circuit to estimate a threshold voltage of the transistor and a comparison circuit to compare the threshold voltage of the transistor to a reference threshold voltage and to generate a comparison signal based thereupon. A bias adjust circuit generates a body biasing voltage that biases the body of the transistor as a function of the comparison signal, the body biasing voltage being a voltage that, when applied to the body of the transistor, adjusts the threshold voltage thereof to be equal to the reference threshold voltage.

A circuit that includes a first diode-connected dummy device, a second diode-connected dummy device, a third diode-connected dummy device, a fourth diode-connected dummy device, and a first discharge path. The second diode-connected dummy device connected in cascode with the first diode-connected dummy device. The fourth diode-connected dummy device connected in cascode with the third diode-connected dummy device. The first and the second diode-connected dummy devices are formed in a first region. The third and the fourth diode-connected dummy devices are formed in a second region which is outside the first region. The first discharge path configured to discharge charges from at least one of the first and the second diode-connected dummy devices in the first region to a reference voltage terminal of one of the third and the fourth diode-connected dummy devices in the second region.

A circuit that includes a first diode-connected dummy device, a second diode-connected dummy device, a third diode-connected dummy device, a fourth diode-connected dummy device, and a first discharge path. The second diode-connected dummy device connected in cascode with the first diode-connected dummy device. The fourth diode-connected dummy device connected in cascode with the third diode-connected dummy device. The first and the second diode-connected dummy devices are formed in a first region. The third and the fourth diode-connected dummy devices are formed in a second region which is outside the first region. The first discharge path configured to discharge charges from at least one of the first and the second diode-connected dummy devices in the first region to a reference voltage terminal of one of the third and the fourth diode-connected dummy devices in the second region.

A power supply system includes a plurality of electrical storage devices, a distributor configured to distribute electric power between the plurality of electrical storage devices in a desired distribution mode, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit configured to (i) set the desired distribution mode based on at least one of a magnitude relation between first rates of change in dischargeable power of the corresponding electrical storage device to a charge state value indicating a remaining level of charge of the corresponding electrical storage device, or a magnitude relation between second rates of change in chargeable power of the corresponding electrical storage device to the charge state value, and (ii) control the distributor such that electric power is distributed in the set distribution mode.

A power supply system includes a plurality of electrical storage devices, a distributor configured to distribute electric power between the plurality of electrical storage devices in a desired distribution mode, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit configured to (i) set the desired distribution mode based on at least one of a magnitude relation between first rates of change in dischargeable power of the corresponding electrical storage device to a charge state value indicating a remaining level of charge of the corresponding electrical storage device, or a magnitude relation between second rates of change in chargeable power of the corresponding electrical storage device to the charge state value, and (ii) control the distributor such that electric power is distributed in the set distribution mode.

A power-regulated Power Receiving Unit (PRU) of an RWPT system, comprising an ML post-regulation stage via which a load is connected to the PRU; a controller circuit, being adapted to: determine target/predicted values for voltage and current of the a Power Transmit Unit (PTU) of the RWPT system; determine the wireless medium characteristics and resonant frequency of the RWPT system; generate an overall system model by using First Harmonic Approximation (FHA); determine a desired output power; calculate the voltage V.sub.S1 of the first harmonic; use V.sub.S1 to calculate the equivalent reflected impedance Z.sub.o of the load; and calculate the duty-cycle d using the predicted values of the efficiency n the conversion ratio M(D) and the calculated equivalent reflected impedance Z.sub.o.

A power-regulated Power Receiving Unit (PRU) of an RWPT system, comprising an ML post-regulation stage via which a load is connected to the PRU; a controller circuit, being adapted to: determine target/predicted values for voltage and current of the a Power Transmit Unit (PTU) of the RWPT system; determine the wireless medium characteristics and resonant frequency of the RWPT system; generate an overall system model by using First Harmonic Approximation (FHA); determine a desired output power; calculate the voltage V.sub.S1 of the first harmonic; use V.sub.S1 to calculate the equivalent reflected impedance Z.sub.o of the load; and calculate the duty-cycle d using the predicted values of the efficiency n the conversion ratio M(D) and the calculated equivalent reflected impedance Z.sub.o.

This application provides a direct current conversion circuit and a photovoltaic inverter. The direct current conversion circuit includes an RC circuit, and a first direct current conversion unit and a second direct current conversion unit that are mutually connected in parallel. The RC circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor that are connected in series. Two ends of the RC circuit are respectively connected to one end of a first switching transistor in the first direct current conversion unit and one end of a second switching transistor in the second direct current conversion unit. When a state of the first switching transistor or the second switching transistor is switched, the other switching transistor remains in an on or off state.