A potentiostat circuit for controlling a work electrode voltage and for measuring a work electrode current is disclosed. The disclosed potentiostat circuit implementations have a topology and include elements to provide a plurality of benefits. The plurality of benefits includes an enlarged range of controllable work electrode voltages and bidirectional work electrode current measurements, high immunity from temperatures variations and process mismatch. The disclosed potentiostat circuit implementations can be used in applications requiring accuracy, low power consumption, and small size. The applications can include portable and/or multichannel electrochemical applications.

A sensing circuit of a display device is provided. The sensing circuit includes a chopper circuit, a first operational amplifier and a filter. The chopper circuit is configured to receive a sensing input signal of the display device and modulate the sensing input signal. The first operational amplifier is coupled to the chopper circuit. The first operational amplifier is configured to receive the modulated sensing input signal and output the modulated sensing input signal to the chopper circuit. The chopper circuit is further configured to demodulate the modulated sensing input signal from the first operational amplifier and output the demodulated sensing input signal. The filter is coupled to the chopper circuit. The filter is configured to filter the demodulated sensing input signal from the chopper circuit and output the filtered sensing input signal as a sensing output signal. A source driver including the sensing circuit is also provided.

A sensing circuit of a display device is provided. The sensing circuit includes a chopper circuit, a first operational amplifier and a filter. The chopper circuit is configured to receive a sensing input signal of the display device and modulate the sensing input signal. The first operational amplifier is coupled to the chopper circuit. The first operational amplifier is configured to receive the modulated sensing input signal and output the modulated sensing input signal to the chopper circuit. The chopper circuit is further configured to demodulate the modulated sensing input signal from the first operational amplifier and output the demodulated sensing input signal. The filter is coupled to the chopper circuit. The filter is configured to filter the demodulated sensing input signal from the chopper circuit and output the filtered sensing input signal as a sensing output signal. A source driver including the sensing circuit is also provided.

An active electrode has an electrode for sensing an electric potential and generating an input signal, and a shield placed near the electrode but being electric insulated from the electrode. An integrated amplifier (10) has an input connected to the at least one electrode for receiving the input signal, and providing a buffered path outputting a buffered output signal. The shield being connected to the output of the integrated amplifier to actively drive the electrical potential of the shield, thereby providing an active shielding of the electrode. The buffered path includes a first mixer (11) in front of the integrated amplifier for frequency shifting the input signal from a basic frequency range to a higher frequency range, and a second mixer (12) on the output of the integrated amplifier for frequency shifting the amplified signal from the higher frequency range back to the basic frequency range. The active electrode may be used for recording EEG signals.

An active electrode has an electrode for sensing an electric potential and generating an input signal, and a shield placed near the electrode but being electric insulated from the electrode. An integrated amplifier (10) has an input connected to the at least one electrode for receiving the input signal, and providing a buffered path outputting a buffered output signal. The shield being connected to the output of the integrated amplifier to actively drive the electrical potential of the shield, thereby providing an active shielding of the electrode. The buffered path includes a first mixer (11) in front of the integrated amplifier for frequency shifting the input signal from a basic frequency range to a higher frequency range, and a second mixer (12) on the output of the integrated amplifier for frequency shifting the amplified signal from the higher frequency range back to the basic frequency range. The active electrode may be used for recording EEG signals.

An amplifier circuit has: a first amplifier circuit, including a chopper circuit amplifying a first differential signal input between first and second input terminals to output a second differential signal; and a second amplifier circuit amplifying the second differential signal to output a single-ended signal. The second amplifier circuit includes: a first circuit including first and second transistors, the first circuit being connected to the first amplifier circuit so that the second differential signal input into gates of these transistors, the first circuit converting the second differential signal to a current flowing into a first node connected to the first transistor and a current flowing into a second node connected to the second transistor; and a second circuit negatively feeding back a voltage at the second node so that the difference in voltage between these nodes is reduced. The second amplifier circuit outputs the single-ended signal from the second node.

An amplifier circuit has: a first amplifier circuit, including a chopper circuit amplifying a first differential signal input between first and second input terminals to output a second differential signal; and a second amplifier circuit amplifying the second differential signal to output a single-ended signal. The second amplifier circuit includes: a first circuit including first and second transistors, the first circuit being connected to the first amplifier circuit so that the second differential signal input into gates of these transistors, the first circuit converting the second differential signal to a current flowing into a first node connected to the first transistor and a current flowing into a second node connected to the second transistor; and a second circuit negatively feeding back a voltage at the second node so that the difference in voltage between these nodes is reduced. The second amplifier circuit outputs the single-ended signal from the second node.

A magnetic operational amplifier having a differential stage includes a first magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET and a differential signal conditioner, the differential signal conditioner including a load stage, a differential input pair connected to the load stage and a biasing current source connected to the differential input pair; the magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET being connected to the load stage as a second differential input pair and the differential signal conditioner including a second biasing current source connected to the magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET.

A magnetic operational amplifier having a differential stage includes a first magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET and a differential signal conditioner, the differential signal conditioner including a load stage, a differential input pair connected to the load stage and a biasing current source connected to the differential input pair; the magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET being connected to the load stage as a second differential input pair and the differential signal conditioner including a second biasing current source connected to the magnetic field effect transistor MAGFET.

A chopper-stabilized current feedback amplifier includes an input buffer having a non-inverting input and an inverting input. A first group of chopper circuits modulate current at the non-inverting and inverting inputs. The current feedback amplifier further includes a plurality of current mirrors coupled to the input buffer. A second group of chopper circuits modulate current in the current mirrors. The current feedback amplifier also includes phase detector circuitry coupled to the current mirrors and configured to detect a transition current in the current mirrors. The current feedback amplifier also includes a switched capacitor filter having an input coupled to the current mirrors. The switched capacitor filter is turned OFF responsive to the detection of the transition current by the phase detector circuitry. The current feedback amplifier also includes an output stage having an input coupled to the switched capacitor filter and is configured to produce an output signal.