In one aspect, an example method includes (i) determining, by a playback device, a first loudness level of a first portion of first media content from a first source while the playback device presents the first media content, with the first portion having a first length; (ii) switching, by the playback device, from presenting the first media content from the first source to presenting second media content from a second source; (iii) based on the switching, determining, by the playback device, second loudness levels of second portions of the first media content while the playback device presents the second media content, with the second portions having a second length that is shorter than the first length; and (iv) while the playback device presents the second media content, adjusting, by the playback device, a volume of the playback device based on one or more of the second loudness levels.

In one aspect, an example method includes (i) determining, by a playback device, a first loudness level of a first portion of first media content from a first source while the playback device presents the first media content, with the first portion having a first length; (ii) switching, by the playback device, from presenting the first media content from the first source to presenting second media content from a second source; (iii) based on the switching, determining, by the playback device, second loudness levels of second portions of the first media content while the playback device presents the second media content, with the second portions having a second length that is shorter than the first length; and (iv) while the playback device presents the second media content, adjusting, by the playback device, a volume of the playback device based on one or more of the second loudness levels.

In one aspect, an example method includes (i) determining, by a playback device, a first loudness level of a first portion of first media content from a first source while the playback device presents the first media content, with the first portion having a first length; (ii) switching, by the playback device, from presenting the first media content from the first source to presenting second media content from a second source; (iii) based on the switching, determining, by the playback device, second loudness levels of second portions of the first media content while the playback device presents the second media content, with the second portions having a second length that is shorter than the first length; and (iv) while the playback device presents the second media content, adjusting, by the playback device, a volume of the playback device based on one or more of the second loudness levels.

In one aspect, an example method includes (i) determining, by a playback device, a first loudness level of a first portion of first media content from a first source while the playback device presents the first media content, with the first portion having a first length; (ii) switching, by the playback device, from presenting the first media content from the first source to presenting second media content from a second source; (iii) based on the switching, determining, by the playback device, second loudness levels of second portions of the first media content while the playback device presents the second media content, with the second portions having a second length that is shorter than the first length; and (iv) while the playback device presents the second media content, adjusting, by the playback device, a volume of the playback device based on one or more of the second loudness levels.

An audio system includes at least one sound generation device having at least an acoustic transducer; and an electronic integrated circuit. A communication bus is connected to the at least one sound generation device and is configured to communicate a digital signal comprised of one or more audio streams and control signals. A power bus is connected to the at least one sound generation device. The acoustic transducer includes at least one of the following groups: a membrane and an acoustic modulator; or a membrane, acoustic resonator, and acoustic coupler. The electronic integrated circuit is constructed and arranged to receive the digital signal and generate an analog electric signal to operate the acoustic transducer to generate an audio signal in accordance with the control signal.

An audio system includes at least one sound generation device having at least an acoustic transducer; and an electronic integrated circuit. A communication bus is connected to the at least one sound generation device and is configured to communicate a digital signal comprised of one or more audio streams and control signals. A power bus is connected to the at least one sound generation device. The acoustic transducer includes at least one of the following groups: a membrane and an acoustic modulator; or a membrane, acoustic resonator, and acoustic coupler. The electronic integrated circuit is constructed and arranged to receive the digital signal and generate an analog electric signal to operate the acoustic transducer to generate an audio signal in accordance with the control signal.

A device to apply noise reduction to ambisonic signals includes a memory configured to store noise data corresponding to microphones in a microphone array. A processor is configured to perform signal processing operations on signals captured by microphones in the microphone array to generate multiple sets of ambisonic signals including a first set corresponding to a first particular ambisonic order and a second set corresponding to a second particular ambisonic order. The processor is configured to perform a first noise reduction operation that includes applying a first gain factor to each ambisonic signal in the first set and to perform a second noise reduction operation that includes applying a second gain factor to each ambisonic signal in the second set. The first gain factor and the second gain factor are based on the noise data, and the second gain factor is distinct from the first gain factor.

A method includes detecting an input that triggers a virtual assistance (VA) on an electronic device (ED) to perform a task that includes outputting audio content through a speaker associated with the ED. The method includes identifying a type of the audio content to be outputted through the speaker. The method includes determining whether a registered user of the ED is present in proximity to the ED. Each registered user is associated with a unique user identifier. The method includes, in response to determining that no registered user is present in proximity to the ED, outputting the audio content via the speaker at a current volume level of the ED. The method includes in response to determining that a registered user is in proximity to the ED, outputting the audio content at a selected, preferred volume level based on pre-determined or pre-established volume preference settings of the registered user.

A method includes detecting an input that triggers a virtual assistance (VA) on an electronic device (ED) to perform a task that includes outputting audio content through a speaker associated with the ED. The method includes identifying a type of the audio content to be outputted through the speaker. The method includes determining whether a registered user of the ED is present in proximity to the ED. Each registered user is associated with a unique user identifier. The method includes, in response to determining that no registered user is present in proximity to the ED, outputting the audio content via the speaker at a current volume level of the ED. The method includes in response to determining that a registered user is in proximity to the ED, outputting the audio content at a selected, preferred volume level based on pre-determined or pre-established volume preference settings of the registered user.

Provided are an electronic device and an operation method thereof. The operation method of an electronic device for processing an audio signal may include obtaining viewing environment information related to sound intelligibility, processing an input audio signal by separating the input audio signal into a first channel including a primary signal and a second channel including an ambient signal based on the viewing environment information, processing the input audio signal based on a frequency band and based on the viewing environment information, and generating an output signal based on processing the input audio signal.