The present invention relates to a device for pulsed electric discharge in a liquid, said device comprising at least one pair of electrodes which are configured to be immersed in said liquid and to generate an electric arc in said liquid when a predetermined voltage is applied between said electrodes, at least one heating unit which is configured to heat said liquid for a heating time, at least one discharge unit which is configured to apply a discharge voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes, and at least one control unit which is configured to control the at least one heating unit so that said heating unit heats the liquid for the heating time and to control, at the end of said heating time, the at least one discharge unit so that said at least one discharge unit applies the predetermined voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes and thus generates an electric discharge in the liquid.

A Marx generator has at least two branches for providing a Marx voltage at an output pole. Each of the branches has a plurality of capacitor stages with voltage poles, cross branches with spark gaps, a last capacitor stage at its output end, and a first capacitor stage connected to an operating voltage. The branches have a common triggering section with a common first capacitor stage, a first adjacent cross branch, and an input pole. Each of the branches has the triggering section and also an individual portion with at least one capacitor stage that is only associated with the branch. A resonator arrangement contains the Marx generator and resonators at the respective output poles of the branches. A radiation arrangement has the resonator arrangement and a multi-feed waveguide with at least two of the resonators for respectively feeding an electromagnetic wave.

A pulse phase ablation biphasic PFA generator with finite energy source and delivery mechanism is disclosed, comprising: a signal source configured to output electrode input signals; a trigger circuit configured to trigger signals; at least one electrode channel circuit including a charge transfer source circuit including a source capacitor and coupled to the signal source to receive the electrode input signals, the charge transfer source circuit being configured to charge the source capacitor to a source voltage, a switching circuit coupled to charge transfer source circuit to receive the source voltage and to the trigger circuit to receive the trigger signals, and a charge transfer load circuit including a load capacitor coupled to the switching circuit; wherein the switching circuit further includes a plurality of spark gap switches activated by the trigger signals to cause the electrode channel to apply a biphasic waveform to electrodes configured to contact tissue.

A pulse phase ablation biphasic PFA generator with finite energy source and delivery mechanism is disclosed, comprising: a signal source configured to output electrode input signals; a trigger circuit configured to trigger signals; at least one electrode channel circuit including a charge transfer source circuit including a source capacitor and coupled to the signal source to receive the electrode input signals, the charge transfer source circuit being configured to charge the source capacitor to a source voltage, a switching circuit coupled to charge transfer source circuit to receive the source voltage and to the trigger circuit to receive the trigger signals, and a charge transfer load circuit including a load capacitor coupled to the switching circuit; wherein the switching circuit further includes a plurality of spark gap switches activated by the trigger signals to cause the electrode channel to apply a biphasic waveform to electrodes configured to contact tissue.

The present invention relates to a device for pulsed electric discharge in a liquid, said device comprising at least one pair of electrodes which are configured to be immersed in said liquid and to generate an electric arc in said liquid when a predetermined voltage is applied between said electrodes, at least one heating unit which is configured to heat said liquid for a so-called “heating” time, at least one discharge unit which is configured to apply a discharge voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes, and at least one control unit which is configured to control the at least one heating unit so that said heating unit heats the liquid for the heating time and to control, at the end of said heating time, the at least one discharge unit so that said at least one discharge unit applies the predetermined voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes and thus generates an electric discharge in the liquid.

The present invention relates to a device for pulsed electric discharge in a liquid, said device comprising at least one pair of electrodes which are configured to be immersed in said liquid and to generate an electric arc in said liquid when a predetermined voltage is applied between said electrodes, at least one heating unit which is configured to heat said liquid for a so-called “heating” time, at least one discharge unit which is configured to apply a discharge voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes, and at least one control unit which is configured to control the at least one heating unit so that said heating unit heats the liquid for the heating time and to control, at the end of said heating time, the at least one discharge unit so that said at least one discharge unit applies the predetermined voltage between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes and thus generates an electric discharge in the liquid.

A parallel Marx generator topology capable of producing high power, high current output pulses is provided. The parallel Marx generator topology can include a plurality of Marx generators that operate in parallel to one another to jointly generate an output pulse. The topology can further include a pulse transformer configured to step up the voltage of the pulse created by the plurality of generators and also ensure that each Marx generator of the plurality of Marx generators is outputting substantially the same amount of current. The system can include a common interface that allows for fault detection and control of all the Marx generators using one common control panel. The parallel Marx generator topology can allow for a high voltage, high current pulse to be generated using import/export compliant switches.

A parallel Marx generator topology capable of producing high power, high current output pulses is provided. The parallel Marx generator topology can include a plurality of Marx generators that operate in parallel to one another to jointly generate an output pulse. The topology can further include a pulse transformer configured to step up the voltage of the pulse created by the plurality of generators and also ensure that each Marx generator of the plurality of Marx generators is outputting substantially the same amount of current. The system can include a common interface that allows for fault detection and control of all the Marx generators using one common control panel. The parallel Marx generator topology can allow for a high voltage, high current pulse to be generated using import/export compliant switches.

Scalar-longitudinal waves of a particular type are disclosed here which have the ability to slow down clock-measured time flow as well as the rate of all physical processes in a manner similar to the phenomenon of relativistic time dilation, but where said slowing occurs in a stationary frame of reference. An apparatus consisting of a high-voltage DC power supply whose high-voltage output is discharged through a thyratron to a dome electrode to produce a repeating series of scalar-longitudinal DC shock waves of short rise-time and arranged to pass through a target object or person for the purpose of slowing down the rate of flow of time for said target object or person.

A triggerable spark gap, a switching circuit and a method for manufacturing a triggerable spark gap are disclosed. In an embodiment, a triggerable spark gap includes a trigger electrode, an adjacent electrode at the trigger electrode, a counter electrode and a gap between the counter electrode and the adjacent electrode, wherein a distance between the trigger electrode and the adjacent electrode is less than a distance between the trigger electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the distance between the trigger electrode and the counter electrode is less than a distance between the adjacent electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the counter electrode and/or the adjacent electrode includes a first phase including a first material and a second phase including a second material, and wherein the second material has a lower electron work function than the first material.