The induction memory cell includes an electronic circuit that can internally control the on or off state of a magnetic field within a wireless power transmission circuit. The induction memory cell can control external devices. When the induction memory cell is used in an array it can be programmed to retain binary information such as on as a binary digit of one or off as a binary digit of zero. The induction memory cell on or off state can be controlled via a brief emission of laser light, wireless induction from another induction memory cell or mechanical switch. Each photo resistor for controlling the on or off state is enclosed in a short tube with one opening for each tube that restricts some ambient light but also allows laser light to reach each photo resistor.

Disclosed is a battery system comprising a solid-state relay assembly comprising a device-side driver circuitry having a device-side switching device, a battery-side driver circuitry having a battery-side switching device, a first recirculation driver circuitry, a first recirculation switching device, a second recirculation switching device, and a second recirculation driver circuitry.

An optocoupler based control circuit and a method thereof are disclosed. The control circuit comprises a first control branch, which includes a first control signal input terminal configured to receive a first OFF function control signal; a first optocoupler, wherein a primary side of the first optocoupler is coupled to the first control signal input terminal, and an output of a secondary side of the first optocoupler is configured to control a first power supplied to a motor driving circuit; a first primary side on/off control circuit connected to the primary side of the first optocoupler, and configured to periodically turn on and off the coupling of the primary side to the first control signal input terminal; and a first secondary side filter circuit connected to the secondary side of the first optocoupler, and configured to filter the output of the secondary side, and configured as a low pass filter having a cutoff frequency lower than an on/off frequency of the primary side. The control circuit further comprises a diagnostic circuit configured to diagnose an operating state of the control circuit based on the output of the secondary side of the first optocoupler and the first power. The control circuit may be a Safe Torque Off (STO) circuit.

The present invention introduces an arrangement for enhancing the performance of an electronic circuit comprising a phototransistor (Q). Either a common-collector or a common-emitter connected phototransistor (Q) has a main resistor (R.sub.L), and at least one external bias resistors (R.sub.L2, R.sub.L3, R.sub.L4), each in parallel to one another. The microcontroller may directly control the voltage outputs or act via respective switches (S1, S2) regarding each respective resistor. When the electronic circuit with the phototransistor (Q) is switched on, at least one of the external bias resistors (R.sub.L2, R.sub.L3, R.sub.L4) are switched on. The voltage output rise time is short, and when the bias has been set, the external bias resistor(s) are disconnected functionally. This means that during the actual measurement with the electric circuit, only the main resistor (R.sub.L) is used in the connection.

An optical-controlled driving circuit adapts to a high utility power environment with high voltages, large currents and severe surges, and includes an optical-controlled switch circuit, an SCR with optical-controlled driver and a main circuit. The optical-controlled switch circuit includes an optical-controlled component and a first switching transistor that are connected in serial. The SCR with optical-controlled driver includes at least two switching transistors that are connected in serial and a plurality of diodes, and is coupled to the main circuit. The optical-controlled driving circuit generates a driving current according to the voltage of a utility power. When the optical-controlled driving circuit is used in a DC converter using an SCR as a switch element, the optical-controlled driving circuit helps to increase the operation efficiency when the DC converter works under a light load.

An optical-controlled driving circuit adapts to a high utility power environment with high voltages, large currents and severe surges, and includes an optical-controlled switch circuit, an SCR with optical-controlled driver and a main circuit. The optical-controlled switch circuit includes an optical-controlled component and a first switching transistor that are connected in serial. The SCR with optical-controlled driver includes at least two switching transistors that are connected in serial and a plurality of diodes, and is coupled to the main circuit. The optical-controlled driving circuit generates a driving current according to the voltage of a utility power. When the optical-controlled driving circuit is used in a DC converter using an SCR as a switch element, the optical-controlled driving circuit helps to increase the operation efficiency when the DC converter works under a light load.

A relay includes a first contact for receiving an input signal, a second contact for receiving a power signal, a rectifier coupled to the first and second contacts for converting the power signal into a direct-current power signal when the power signal is an alternating-current power signal, a voltage clamping circuit coupled to the rectifier for clamping a voltage of the input signal and the power signal, a Schmidt trigger coupled to the voltage clamping circuit for generating a trigger signal according to the input signal and the power signal, and a power outputting circuit coupled to the Schmidt trigger for generating an output voltage according to the trigger signal and a supply power.

A relay includes a first contact for receiving an input signal, a second contact for receiving a power signal, a rectifier coupled to the first and second contacts for converting the power signal into a direct-current power signal when the power signal is an alternating-current power signal, a voltage clamping circuit coupled to the rectifier for clamping a voltage of the input signal and the power signal, a Schmidt trigger coupled to the voltage clamping circuit for generating a trigger signal according to the input signal and the power signal, and a power outputting circuit coupled to the Schmidt trigger for generating an output voltage according to the trigger signal and a supply power.

An isolation system and isolation device are disclosed. An illustrative isolation device is disclosed to include first circuitry having at least a first emitter and a first detector, second circuitry having at least a dual-purpose component, an isolation material configured to electrically isolate the first circuitry from the second circuitry, and switching circuitry adapted to connect the dual-purpose component to emit a first signal for detection by the first detector in a first configuration, and to receive a second signal from the first emitter in a second configuration.

In one embodiment, an impedance matching network is disclosed that includes a first circuit comprising a first variable component providing a first variable capacitance or inductance, and a second circuit comprising a second variable component providing a second variable capacitance or inductance. Each of the first circuit and the second circuit includes plurality of switching circuits configured to provide the first variable capacitance or inductance and the second variable capacitance or inductance. Each of the plurality of switching circuits includes a diode and a driver circuit configured to switch the diode. The driver circuit includes a first switch, a second switch coupled in series with the first switch, and a filter circuit that is coupled at a first end between the first switch and the second switch, and is operably coupled at a second end to the diode.