An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) including input circuitry to receive an input analog signal having an analog signal level. Sampling circuitry couples to the input circuitry and includes first and second capacitor circuits to sample the received input analog signal. The first and second capacitor circuits exhibit a relative charge imbalance as a result of the sampling that corresponds to the analog signal level. Regulated charge sharing circuitry regulates charge sharing transfers during multiple charge sharing transfer sequences with the first and second capacitor circuits. A digital output generates multiple bit values based on the charge sharing transfer sequences.

An apparatus measures a speaker impedance. A DAC converts a known digital input signal to an audio frequency first analog voltage signal. Resistors with known resistance attenuate the first analog voltage signal to generate a current. The known resistance effectively determines the current because the known resistance is high relative to the speaker impedance. The current is sourced into the speaker to generate a second analog voltage signal. The known resistance is sufficiently high to cause the second analog voltage signal to be inaudible as transduced by the speaker. An amplifier amplifies the second analog voltage signal with a known gain to generate a third analog voltage signal. An ADC converts the third analog voltage signal to a digital output signal. A processing element calculates the impedance of the speaker proportional to the digital output signal based on the known digital input signal, the known resistance, and the known gain.

An example device including a laser source for generating a laser pulse, a scanner for mounting the laser source, and a motion detector for detecting a motion of the scanner when the laser pulse scans an object. The motion detector includes an optical sensor for generating an optical signal based on the motion of the scanner, and a controller. The controller determines a movement of the scanner and disables the laser source when the scanner ceases to move.

A phase deviation compensation method and device are provided. The method may include: a first sine analog signal and a first cosine analog signal are acquired; the first sine analog signal is converted to a corresponding first sine digital signal, and the first cosine analog signal is converted to a corresponding first cosine digital signal; a sampler is controlled to sample the first sine analog signal and the first cosine analog signal according to variations of pulse edges of the first sine digital signal and the first cosine digital signal, to acquire at least one sine sampled signal and at least one cosine sampled signal; a phase deviation is determined; and phase compensation is performed on the at least one sine sampled signal and the at least one cosine sampled signal according to the phase deviation.

Superconductor analog-to-digital converters (ADC) offer high sensitivity and large dynamic range. One approach to increasing the dynamic range further is with a subranging architecture, whereby the output of a coarse ADC is converted back to analog and subtracted from the input signal, and the residue signal fed to a fine ADC for generation of additional significant bits. This also requires a high-gain broadband linear amplifier, which is not generally available within superconductor technology. In a preferred embodiment, a distributed digital fluxon amplifier is presented, which also integrates the functions of integration, filtering, and flux subtraction. A subranging ADC design provides two ADCs connected with the fluxon amplifier and subtractor circuitry that would provide a dynamic range extension by about 30-35 dB.

An example device including a laser source for generating a laser pulse, a scanner for mounting the laser source, and a motion detector for detecting a motion of the scanner when the laser pulse scans an object. The motion detector includes an optical sensor for generating an optical signal based on the motion of the scanner, and a controller. The controller determines a movement of the scanner and disables the laser source when the scanner ceases to move.

An analog-to-digital converter includes a switched capacitor circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and a constant current circuit. The switched capacitor circuit includes first and second input terminals for a differential input, and is configured to sample an analog voltage of the differential input. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected to output terminals of the switched capacitor circuit, and configured to convert the sampled analog voltage into a digital signal and output the digital signal. The constant current circuit is connected to at least one of the first and second input terminals.