An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.

An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.

An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.

An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.

A computer-implemented method for compressing, an input group of m data values compresses the two least significant bits of each of the data values by mapping the two least significant bits of each of the data values in the input group of m data values collectively onto an m-bit encoding and storing the m-bit encoding, the m-bit encoding being selected from 2.sup.m m-bit encodings, the 2.sup.m m-bit encodings comprising a first group of encodings comprising (2.sup.m4) m-bit encodings and a second group of encodings comprising four m-bit encodings, wherein if the selected encoding is an encoding from the first group of encodings then the selected encoding represents the two least significant bits for a representative group of m data values in which the second least significant bit of each of the data values is the same as a respective bit of the m-bit encoding, and wherein if the selected encoding is an encoding from the second group of encodings then the selected encoding represents the two least significant bits for a representative group of m data values in which the two least significant bits for each of the data values in the representative group are equal to the two least significant bits of the other data values in the representative group.

A computing node of a computing device of a computing device cluster of a data ingest sub-system of a database system includes main memory and processing core resources. The main memory is logically divided into a computing device memory section and a database memory section. The database memory section includes a first logical section for a first processing core resource, a second logical section for a second processing core resource, and a logical network communication section. A processing core resource includes processing module and a memory device. The processing core resources retrieves a first division of a sub-segment of a segment of a segment group of a partition of a dataset and processes it for short term storage and for long term storage. The processing core resource stores the short term version and outputs the long term version.

A computing node of a computing device of a computing device cluster of a store and compute sub-system of a database system includes main memory and processing core resources. The main memory is logically divided into a computing device memory section and a database memory section. The database memory section includes a first logical section for a first processing core resource, a second logical section for a second processing core resource, and a logical network communication section. The processing core resource retrieves first long-term storage data of a first division of a sub-segment of a segment of a segment group of a partition of a dataset and retrieves a set of query operations. The processing core resource executes the set of query operations on the first long-term storage data to produce a first division result and stores it.

A database system includes a parallelized data input sub-system including a first plurality of nodes, a parallelized data store, retrieve, and process sub-system including a second plurality of nodes, and a parallelized query and response sub-system including a third plurality of nodes. The third plurality of nodes is operable to receive a plurality of queries in parallel and assign a first query to a first node of the third plurality of nodes. The first node is operable to convert an instruction set of the first query into a hierarchical tree structure of code constructs, map database operations to the hierarchical tree structure of code constructs to produce a hierarchical tree structure of database operations, generate an initial query plan from the hierarchical tree structure of database operations in accordance with dataset storage information and a set of available nodes, and optimize the initial query plan to produce an optimized query plan.

An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.

An encoding scheme is provided for arithmetically encoding a sequence of information values into an arithmetic coded bitstream by providing the bitstream with entry point information, allowing for resuming arithmetic decoding of the bitstream from a predetermined entry point onward. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide more efficient encoding in view of the decoding speed.