Video coding systems or apparatus utilizing context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) during encoding and/or decoding, are configured according to the invention with an enhanced binarization of non-zero Delta-QP (dQP). During binarization the value of dQP and the sign are separately encoded using unary coding and then combined into a binary string which also contains the dQP non-zero flag. This invention capitalizes on the statistical symmetry of positive and negative values of dQP and results in saving bits and thus a higher coding efficiency.

Methods for converting an n-bit number into an m-bit number for situations where n>m and also for situations where n<m, where n and m are integers. The methods use truncation or bit replication followed by the calculation of an adjustment value which is applied to the replicated number.

The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.

The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.

A data reduction device (150) for and a method of reducing a data set based on a subset of variables from a set of variables are provided. Instances of the plurality of variables comprise information to predict an instance of a further type of data. The device comprises a first data set unit (102), a second data set unit (104), a searching unit (110) and a data reduction unit (152). The first data set unit obtains a first set comprising tuples of instances of data. The second data set unit obtains a second set comprising instances of the further type of data. Each instance of the second set corresponds to one of the tuples of the first set. The searching unit obtains a reduced set of variables that represents an at least local optimum of an optimization function being a combination of a first mutual information value between the reduced first set and the second set and a penalty value being based on a number of variables in the reduced set of variables.

A data compression system includes: (a) a data compression module that receives a sequence of input vectors and that provides a sequence of compressed vectors; (b) a data decompression module that receives the compressed vectors to provide a sequence of output vectors; and (c) a parameter update module that receives the sequence of input vectors and the sequence of output vectors, and which learns the data compression module and data decompression module based on evaluating a loss function of the input vectors, the output vectors, and the parameters controlling the compression module and the decompression module. Each input vector and its corresponding output vector may represent digitized time-domain signals (e.g., speech, audio or video signals) over a predetermined time period. The loss function may be evaluated for each of a sequence of predetermined time periods.

Computer-implemented methods, systems, and devices to perform lossless compression of floating point format time-series data are disclosed. A first data value may be obtained in floating point format representative of an initial time-series parameter. For example, an output checkpoint of a computer simulation of a real-world event such as weather prediction or nuclear reaction simulation. A first predicted value may be determined representing the parameter at a first checkpoint time. A second data value may be obtained from the simulation. A prediction error may be calculated. Another predicted value may be generated for a next point in time and may be adjusted by the previously determined prediction error (e.g., to increase accuracy of the subsequent prediction). When a third data value is obtained, the adjusted prediction value may be used to generate a difference (e.g., XOR) for storing in a compressed data store to represent the third data value.

A predictive model utilizes a set of coefficients for processing received input data. To reduce memory usage storing the coefficients, a compression circuit compresses the set of coefficients prior to storage by generating a cumulative count distribution of the coefficient values, and identifying a distribution function approximating the cumulative count distribution. Function parameters for the determined function are stored in a memory and used by a decompression circuit to apply the function the compressed coefficients to determine the decompressed component values. Storing the function parameters may consume less memory in comparison to storing a look-up table for decompression, and may reduce an amount of memory look-ups required during decompression.

An embedded codec (EBC) circuitry includes a memory to store a plurality of one dimensional (1D) sub-blocks of quantized-transformed residual levels for a 1D image block and encoder circuitry to allocate a set of signaling bits to each 1D sub-block of the plurality of 1D sub-blocks. The encoder circuitry selects an entropy coding scheme, from a set of entropy coding schemes, for each 1D sub-block of the plurality of 1D sub-blocks, based on the allocated set of signaling bits for each 1D sub-block. The encoder circuitry generates a bit-stream of encoded 1D image block by selective application of the entropy coding scheme on a DC quantized-transformed residual level, a plurality of AC quantized-transformed residual levels, or a combination of the DC quantized-transformed residual level and the plurality of AC quantized-transformed residual levels of each 1D sub-block of the plurality of 1D sub-blocks.

The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.