An apparatus for a turbo product codes includes a codeword generator and an interleaver. The codeword generator receives a data in a matrix, and generate a turbo product code (TPC) codeword including the data, row parities and column parities. The interleaver interleaves the TPC codeword by assigning at least one bit in at least one row-column intersection of the TPC codeword to at least one master code, and outputs the interleaved TPC codeword.

A digital broadcasting system and a method of processing data are disclosed, which are robust to error when mobile service data are transmitted. To this end, additional encoding is performed for the mobile service data, whereby it is possible to strongly cope with fast channel change while giving robustness to the mobile service data.

A system and method for wirelessly transmitting audiovisual information. A first plurality of packets including audiovisual information may be generated. A second plurality of packets including error correction coding information for the audiovisual information may be generated. Control information for associating the error correction coding information with the audiovisual information may be generated, and a third plurality of packets including the control information may also be generated. The plurality of packets, including the first, second, and third pluralities of packets, may be transmitted to a mobile device in a wireless manner. The control information may inform the mobile device of the association of the first error correction coding information with the audiovisual information.

A broadcast receiving system capable of receiving mobile broadcast data and a method for processing broadcast signals are disclosed. The broadcast receiving system includes N number of antenna elements, a demodulator, a transmission parameter detector, and a block decoder. The N number of antenna elements receives each of the broadcast signals. The demodulator demodulates the broadcast signal having greater signal strength among each of the received broadcast signals. The transmission parameter detector detects the transmission parameter. The block decoder symbol-decodes the mobile broadcast service data included in the received broadcast signal in block units, based upon the detected transmission parameter.

Encoding and decoding methods are provided. An information object is encoded according to a preset encoding scheme. A preset set of bits is selected from the encoded information object and the selected set of bits is output as a sample. A control packet including information on a sample number is generated. The sample is assembled with the control packet. The sample is modulated into a sound signal according to a preset scheme. An input sound signal is demodulated according to the preset scheme. Sample bits and control packet bits containing information of the sample are separated from each other in demodulated received bits. Address information corresponding to each bit of the sample is generated according to the control packet. A soft decision of the sample bits is summed for each piece of the generated address information. A sample decoding of the summed soft decision of the sample bits is performed.

A communication device includes an interleaving unit that determines an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleaves the transmit data based on the determined interleaving length, and a shaping unit that shapes the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication.

A digital broadcasting system and a data processing method are disclosed. A receiving system of the digital broadcasting system includes a receiving unit, an SI handler, and a decoding unit. The receiving unit receives broadcast signals including mobile service data and main service data. The mobile service data configure a data group, and the data group includes a signaling information region in some of a plurality of data regions. The signaling information region may include TPC signaling data and FIC signaling data. The SI handler acquires channel configuration information of the mobile service data from the broadcast signal using pre-decided IP access information, and extracts encoding format information for each IP stream component within a corresponding virtual channel service RTP-packetized and received from the acquired channel configuration information. The decoding unit decodes the mobile service data of the corresponding IP stream component based upon the extracted encoding format information.

A method of receiving a broadcast signal in a receiver. The received broadcast signal is demodulated. The demodulated broadcast signal is parsed to output at least one signal frame. The at least one signal frame includes first data, second data, and signaling data. The signaling data is decoded. The first data and the second data are decoded with different code rates, respectively. The at least one signal frame includes known data for channel estimation. The at least one signal frame includes a plurality of subframes, and the subframes include a plurality of data units. A first data unit in the data units includes the first data, and a second data unit in the data units includes the second data. The signaling data includes information for fast service acquisition which allows the receiver to locate upper layer signaling information. The signaling data further includes information on encoding type of data.

Control information for configuring an audiovisual device to present multimedia content according to a first service type may be generated. A method may include generating first control information for configuring an audiovisual device to decode a multimedia stream, generating first data that indicates a structure of the first control information, and transmitting the first data and the first control information. The first control information may be generated according to a first protocol version. Second data and second control information may be similarly generated and transmitted according to a second protocol version. Disclosed techniques may facilitate receiving devices to determine whether they support received wireless transmissions and decode the transmissions based on the control information.

A method of simplified successive cancellation list (SSCL) error decoding of S-polar codes includes representing an S-polar code as a perfect binary tree; providing a node v a vector .sub.v.sup.(l) of soft information from a parent node; computing a vector .sub.v.sub.l.sup.(l) of soft information for a left child of node v; providing node v with a vector .sub.v.sub.l.sup.(l) of hard decisions from the left child and using it with .sub.v.sup.(l) to create a soft information vector .sub.v.sub.r.sup.(l) and passing it to a right child of node v; providing node v with a vector .sub.v.sub.r.sup.(l) of hard decisions from its right child and using it with .sub.v.sub.l.sup.(l) to create a hard decision vector, .sub.v of hard decisions, and passing it to its parent node; updating, when v is a i.sup.th leaf of the perfect tree, two path metrics, and selecting paths obtained by expanding current paths with a lowest path metric.