An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a substrate, a plurality of first modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate, and a plurality of second modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate. The area of one of the first modulating electrodes is greater than the area of one of the second modulating electrodes. The ratio of the number of first modulating electrodes to the number of second modulating electrodes is in a range from 0.5 to 2.0.

A wireless communication device for asymmetrical frequency spreading including a processor configured to receive a frequency band message comprising a maximum difference and a minimum difference, wherein the maximum difference is between a maximum frequency of a sub-band and a signal frequency, and wherein the minimum difference is between the minimum frequency of the sub-band and the signal frequency compare the maximum difference and the minimum difference with each other; and generate a frequency shift based on the comparison.

A transmitter for chip to chip communication may include a modulator and a transmit frequency converter. The modulator may modulate a first received signal according to a first modulation scheme. The modulator may also modulate a second received signal according to a second modulation scheme. The transmit frequency converter may center the first received signal on a first frequency that does not comprise a phase within a radio frequency (RF) domain to generate a first centered signal. The transmit frequency converter may also center the second received signal on a second frequency that comprises a phase within the frequency band to generate a second centered signal. The second centered signal may be orthogonal to the first centered signal. A frequency gap may be positioned between the first centered signal and the second centered signal within the frequency band.

An optical and electrical hybrid beamforming transmitter, receiver, and signal processing method are provided. The transmitter includes, but is not limited to, two photoelectric converters, two adjusting circuits, and an antenna array. The photoelectric converter converts an optical signal into an initial electric signal, respectively. The adjusting circuit is coupled to the photoelectric converter, and are adapted for delaying the initial electric signal according to an expected beam pattern formed by the antenna array, respectively, to output an adjusted electric signal. The antenna array includes two antennas that are coupled to the adjusting circuit. The antenna radiates electromagnetic wave according to the adjusted electric signal. Accordingly, a phase of the signal may be adjusted, and the number of the elements may be reduced.

A transceiver having a down-converter for converting a radio-frequency (RF) input signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal with an analog low latency bypass path coupled to the IF signal and configured to provide a low latency IF signal and an up-converter for converting an IF signal to an RF signal. There is a digital path coupled to the IF signal and configured to provide a digitally processed IF signal, and an up-converter for converting at least one of the low latency IF signal and the digitally processed IF signal to an RF output signal. In a further example, the down-converter and the up-converter convert to millimeter wave frequencies and filters the millimeter wave frequencies with cavity filters.

According to an aspect, there is provided a method for power-amplification of a transmission signal, comprising: obtaining the transmission signal with phase and amplitude modulation; generating a power-amplified polar signal for approximating a power-amplified transmission signal by power-amplifying a first constant-envelope signal with one of two or more first amplification factors based on the transmission signal; generating an outphasing pair of a first power-amplified outphasing signal and a second power-amplified outphasing signal based on the transmission signal; and combining the power-amplified polar signal, the first power-amplified outphasing signal and the second power-amplified outphasing signal to provide the power-amplified transmission signal.

An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes and a third electrode. The plurality of first electrodes are disposed on the substrate. The plurality of second electrodes are disposed on the substrate. The third electrode is disposed on the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes, and includes a plurality of openings. The electronic modulating device is an antenna device. One of the plurality of openings is disposed corresponding to one of the plurality of first electrodes, and an area of the one of the plurality of openings is different from an area of another one of the plurality of openings.

Methods, systems, and devices for channelizing a wideband waveform for transmission on a spectral band comprising unavailable channel segments are described. Generally, the described techniques provide for transmitting and receiving wideband waveforms when channels of a system bandwidth are unavailable for transmission. A transmitter may separate a first wideband signal into segments, with each segment a bandwidth corresponding to a channel of the system bandwidth, and may map the segments to the available channels. The transmitter may combine the mapped segments into a second wideband waveform and transmit the second wideband waveform using the available channels. A receiver may receive a first wideband signal waveform and may separate the first wideband signal waveform into segments, de-map the segments and combine the de-mapped segments into a second wideband waveform for demodulation. The techniques may be used to transmit and receive wideband waveforms over tactical data links.

A low power transmitter includes a low frequency feedback loop, a high frequency switching element embedded within the low frequency feedback loop, and a mixer electrically communicating with the low frequency feedback loop and the high frequency switching element. The low frequency feedback loop employs either a voltage mode interface or a current mode interface. The high frequency switching element includes a first transistor, a second transistor, and a pair of inductive elements. Alternatively, the high frequency switching element includes a single transistor and a single inductive element.

A circuitry includes a first to fourth waveform synthesizers, each waveform synthesizer includes a first terminal and a second terminal to which input signals are input and a third terminal from which an output signal obtained by synthesizing the input signals is output. Frequencies of first to fourth input signals input to each waveform synthesizer are equal to each other, and phases of the second to fourth input signals are values delayed by approximately 180 degrees, delayed by approximately 90 degrees, and delayed by approximately 270 degrees, with respect to a phase of the first input signal. The output signal of each waveform synthesizer transitions from one state to the other state and transitions from the other state to the one state.