The presence or absence of a preamble is detected with accuracy in a reception apparatus that receives a signal including a preamble. A reception section receives a subframe including a subframe preamble and a message and a frame including a frame preamble. A processing section performs a process of detecting the presence or absence of the subframe preamble according to whether or not a given relation holds between a reception timing of the subframe preamble and a reception timing of the frame preamble. A message decoding section extracts the message from the subframe and decodes the message in a case where the presence of the subframe preamble is detected.

The presence or absence of a preamble is detected with accuracy in a reception apparatus that receives a signal including a preamble. A reception section receives a subframe including a subframe preamble and a message and a frame including a frame preamble. A processing section performs a process of detecting the presence or absence of the subframe preamble according to whether or not a given relation holds between a reception timing of the subframe preamble and a reception timing of the frame preamble. A message decoding section extracts the message from the subframe and decodes the message in a case where the presence of the subframe preamble is detected.

A method includes computing electrical phase of electrical metering devices including obtaining data indicating zero-crossing times at first and second metering devices. A time difference between the zero-crossing times may be determined. In a first example, the time difference may be based at least in part on calculations involving a first value of a first free-run timer on a first metering device, a second value of a second free-run timer on a second metering device, the time of reception of a packet, and a latency defined by a time taken for the packet to propagate through at least one layer of at least one of the first metering device and the second metering device. A phase difference between the first zero-crossing and the second zero-crossing may be determined, based at least in part on the determined time difference.

A method includes computing electrical phase of electrical metering devices including obtaining data indicating zero-crossing times at first and second metering devices. A time difference between the zero-crossing times may be determined. In a first example, the time difference may be based at least in part on calculations involving a first value of a first free-run timer on a first metering device, a second value of a second free-run timer on a second metering device, the time of reception of a packet, and a latency defined by a time taken for the packet to propagate through at least one layer of at least one of the first metering device and the second metering device. A phase difference between the first zero-crossing and the second zero-crossing may be determined, based at least in part on the determined time difference.

Provided are message transmitting or receiving methods and devices, a base station, and a terminal. Uplink access signals are divided into a first pre-determined number of uplink access signal groups. An uplink access signal, which is transmitted in an uplink access beam form based on one or more uplink access signal groups, is received from a second communication node. An uplink access signal group to which the uplink access signal pertains is determined. One or more uplink access signals contained in the uplink access signal group are transmitted under at least one of the following restriction conditions: a restricted sequence transmitting order, a restricted transmitting occasion, and a restricted transmitting frequency domain position. An uplink access response message is transmitted to the second communication node over an uplink access response resource corresponding to the determined uplink access signal group.

Provided are message transmitting or receiving methods and devices, a base station, and a terminal. Uplink access signals are divided into a first pre-determined number of uplink access signal groups. An uplink access signal, which is transmitted in an uplink access beam form based on one or more uplink access signal groups, is received from a second communication node. An uplink access signal group to which the uplink access signal pertains is determined. One or more uplink access signals contained in the uplink access signal group are transmitted under at least one of the following restriction conditions: a restricted sequence transmitting order, a restricted transmitting occasion, and a restricted transmitting frequency domain position. An uplink access response message is transmitted to the second communication node over an uplink access response resource corresponding to the determined uplink access signal group.

Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments, and/or combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for identifying electronic devices in a room using a spread code. In some embodiments, a first electronic device receives a spread spectrum signal from a second electronic device over an audio data channel. The first electronic device determines a time of receipt of the spread spectrum signal based on despreading. The first electronic device calculates a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the time of receipt and a time of transmission. The first electronic device determines the second electronic device is not in the room with the first electronic device based on the calculated distance.

Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments, and/or combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for identifying electronic devices in a room using a spread code. In some embodiments, a first electronic device receives a spread spectrum signal from a second electronic device over an audio data channel. The first electronic device determines a time of receipt of the spread spectrum signal based on despreading. The first electronic device calculates a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the time of receipt and a time of transmission. The first electronic device determines the second electronic device is not in the room with the first electronic device based on the calculated distance.

A platform is provided which removes the need for the pilot to select between high angle and low angle antenna elements. By the automatic selection, the platform may improve BLOS connectivity during various phases of flight, such as during banking operations. The platform includes a SATCOM antenna including first and second elements. The platform also includes one or more SDRs which provide receive and transmit functions for the BLOS waveform. The platform may also include either a UHF diversity combiner or an LNA diplexer assembly. Thus, two methods are described for reducing out-of-service events for CDMA and legacy Narrowband UHF SATCOM.

A platform is provided which removes the need for the pilot to select between high angle and low angle antenna elements. By the automatic selection, the platform may improve BLOS connectivity during various phases of flight, such as during banking operations. The platform includes a SATCOM antenna including first and second elements. The platform also includes one or more SDRs which provide receive and transmit functions for the BLOS waveform. The platform may also include either a UHF diversity combiner or an LNA diplexer assembly. Thus, two methods are described for reducing out-of-service events for CDMA and legacy Narrowband UHF SATCOM.