A communication method comprising a transmitting method that creates a series of repeated pieces of a time-spaced pattern that contains no repeated spacing sizes or patterns; creating a plurality of non-resonant step wave shapes spaced according to the repeated pieces of the time-spacing pattern; converting the step wave shapes into a plurality of electromagnetic waves; a receiving method comprising converting said electromagnetic waves into an electrical signal; wherein the step wave shape is recognized in the signal; wherein the time-spacing pattern is recognized in the sequence of the step wave shapes; whereby data can be encoded by introducing variation into the step wave shapes, to change one or more properties of the time-spacing pattern, or change the amplitude of portions of the step waves.

An electronic circuit for detecting an ultra-wideband pulse, the electronic circuit comprising an analog input terminal configured for connection to an ultra-wideband antenna, a low noise amplifier connected to the analog input terminal and configured to amplify one or more ultra-wideband pulses received via the ultra-wideband antenna, and a comparator connected to the low noise amplifier and configured to generate a wake-up trigger signal for ultra-wideband pulses exceeding a pre-defined pulse amplitude threshold.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna module including a first array antenna, an intermediate frequency (IF) circuit electrically connected to the first mmWave antenna module through a first path, an ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna disposed to be adjacent to the first path, a UWB circuit electrically connected to the UWB antenna, and at least one processor electrically connected to the IF circuit and the UWB circuit, wherein the at least one processor controls the IF circuit to provide a signal of a first frequency band to the first mmWave antenna module, controls the UWB circuit to acquire, through the UWB antenna, a signal of a second frequency band partially overlapping the first frequency band, and may deactivate the UWB antenna or stop communication using the first mmWave antenna module according to whether a specified condition associated with the UWB antenna is satisfied.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna module including a first array antenna, an intermediate frequency (IF) circuit electrically connected to the first mmWave antenna module through a first path, an ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna disposed to be adjacent to the first path, a UWB circuit electrically connected to the UWB antenna, and at least one processor electrically connected to the IF circuit and the UWB circuit, wherein the at least one processor controls the IF circuit to provide a signal of a first frequency band to the first mmWave antenna module, controls the UWB circuit to acquire, through the UWB antenna, a signal of a second frequency band partially overlapping the first frequency band, and may deactivate the UWB antenna or stop communication using the first mmWave antenna module according to whether a specified condition associated with the UWB antenna is satisfied.

A method for classifying a signal can be used by a station or stations within a network to classify the signal as non-cooperative (NC) or a target signal. The method performs classification over channels within a frequency spectrum. The percentage of power above a first threshold is computed for a channel. Based on the percentage, a signal is classified as a narrowband signal. If the percentage indicates the absence of a narrowband signal, then a lower second threshold is applied to confirm the absence according to the percentage of power above the second threshold. The signal is classified as a narrowband signal or pre-classified as a wideband signal based on the percentage. Pre-classified wideband signals are classified as a wideband NC signal or target signal using spectrum masks.

A method for classifying a signal can be used by a station or stations within a network to classify the signal as non-cooperative (NC) or a target signal. The method performs classification over channels within a frequency spectrum. The percentage of power above a first threshold is computed for a channel. Based on the percentage, a signal is classified as a narrowband signal. If the percentage indicates the absence of a narrowband signal, then a lower second threshold is applied to confirm the absence according to the percentage of power above the second threshold. The signal is classified as a narrowband signal or pre-classified as a wideband signal based on the percentage. Pre-classified wideband signals are classified as a wideband NC signal or target signal using spectrum masks.

An impulse radio (IR) ultra-wide band (UWB) transceiver adapted for a rake receiver is provided herein. This may be implemented as follows: on the transmitter side, the input data is converted to N-parallel streams having different delays, each stream is transmitted by an impulse radio signal with defined different carrier frequency. On the receiver side, the multicarrier RF signal is converted into base band signal, emulating multipath channels, so that rake receiver technique is used for an optimal demodulation of the received signal.

An impulse radio (IR) ultra-wide band (UWB) transceiver adapted for a rake receiver is provided herein. This may be implemented as follows: on the transmitter side, the input data is converted to N-parallel streams having different delays, each stream is transmitted by an impulse radio signal with defined different carrier frequency. On the receiver side, the multicarrier RF signal is converted into base band signal, emulating multipath channels, so that rake receiver technique is used for an optimal demodulation of the received signal.

Described is a cognitive blind source separator (CBSS). The CBSS includes a delay embedding module that receives a mixture signal (the mixture signal being a time-series of data points from one or more mixtures of source signals) and time-lags the signal to generate a delay embedded mixture signal. The delay embedded mixture signal is then linearly mapped into a reservoir to create a high-dimensional state-space representation of the mixture signal. The state-space representations are then linearly mapped to one or more output nodes in an output layer to generate pre-filtered signals. The pre-filtered signals are passed through a bank of adaptable finite impulse response (FIR) filters to generate separate source signals that collectively formed the mixture signal.

Described is a cognitive blind source separator (CBSS). The CBSS includes a delay embedding module that receives a mixture signal (the mixture signal being a time-series of data points from one or more mixtures of source signals) and time-lags the signal to generate a delay embedded mixture signal. The delay embedded mixture signal is then linearly mapped into a reservoir to create a high-dimensional state-space representation of the mixture signal. The state-space representations are then linearly mapped to one or more output nodes in an output layer to generate pre-filtered signals. The pre-filtered signals are passed through a bank of adaptable finite impulse response (FIR) filters to generate separate source signals that collectively formed the mixture signal.