Provided are an intelligent metasurface manipulation method, apparatus, and system, an intelligent metasurface, and a storage medium. The intelligent metasurface manipulation method includes determining channel information and beam manipulation information; determining a manipulation parameter to be optimized in a preset target function according to the channel information and the beam manipulation information; determining a target manipulation state of each electromagnetic unit on an intelligent metasurface according to the manipulation parameter to be optimized; and adjusting a current state of each electromagnetic unit to the target manipulation state.

A method includes: transmitting, from a UE, a first on-demand request for first PRS resources of a first signal type based on reception by the UE of a first DL-RS of the first signal type with at least a first threshold quality and lack of reception of a second DL-RS of a second signal type with at least a second threshold quality, one of the first and second signal types being for non-RIS-reflected signal transfer and the other signal type being for RIS-reflected signal transfer, or transmitting, from the UE, a second on-demand request for second PRS resources for RIS-reflected signal transfer, the second on-demand request specifying a first RIS of a plurality of RISes associated with a common base station; or transmitting, from the UE, a capability message indicating that the UE supports different PRS symbol durations for RIS-reflected PRS and non-RIS-reflected PRS; or any combination thereof.

According to a first aspect, examples provide a method of operating a first communication node (CN), wherein the first CN is configured for controlling a first CED, wherein the first CED is reconfigurable to provide multiple spatial filterings, each one of the multiple spatial filtering being associated with a respective input spatial direction from which incident signals on a radio channel are accepted and with a respective output spatial direction into which the incident signals are transmitted by the first CED. The method comprises receiving, from a second CN on the radio channel, a first reference signal via a first propagation path and a second propagation path, wherein receiving the first reference signal via the first propagation path involves receiving a component of the reference signal via the first CED, measuring a first reception property of the first reference signal, and providing, to the first CED, a message for configuring the first CED to induce a first phase shift in the first propagation path. Further examples provide a further method of operating a first CN methods of operating a CED as well as respective first CNs, second CNs and CEDs.

An angular relationship determination method includes: obtaining, at an apparatus, a first phase difference indication corresponding to a first difference in phase between a first signal wirelessly received by a wireless signaling device from a transmitter and a second signal wirelessly received by the wireless signaling device from the transmitter; and determining, at the apparatus, a first angular relationship between the transmitter and the wireless signaling device based on the first phase difference indication, a first virtual focal point location corresponding to the first signal, and a second virtual focal point location corresponding to the second signal, the second virtual focal point location and the first virtual focal point location being different.

A signal reporting method includes: transmitting, from a first wireless signaling device at a first time, a first PRS (positioning reference signal) to a second wireless signaling device via a first RIS (reconfigurable intelligent surface); receiving, at the first wireless signaling device at a second time, a second PRS from the second wireless signaling device via a second RIS that is physically separate from the first RIS; and providing a signal report including at least one time value corresponding to the first time and the second time, and indicative of the first PRS and the second PRS.

According to one embodiment, an intelligent reflecting surface includes a plurality of patch areas including a plurality of square patch electrodes, an electrode shape formed by the patch electrode, a first connection electrode, a second connection electrode, a third connection electrode, and a fourth connection electrode included in each of the plurality of patch areas has rotational symmetry having a point inside each of the plurality of patch areas as a center of rotation, and a first patch area, a second patch, a third patch area, and a fourth patch area have an intersection of the first patch area, the second patch area, the third patch area, and the fourth patch area as a whole as a center of rotation.

A beam management method and apparatus to optimize a beam management procedure between a reconfigurable intelligent meta-surface (RIS) and a terminal device, so that beam management efficiency may be improved, and system overheads may be reduced. The method includes: determining first measurement information based on information of a beam set, sending the first measurement information, and communicating with a RIS through a first beam, where the beam set is determined based on first location information of a terminal device, the beam set includes one or more beams between the RIS and the terminal device, the first measurement information includes information determined by the terminal device based on a beam corresponding to a downlink reference signal, and the first beam is a beam in the beam set.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques, methods, devices, systems, and non-transitory computer readable medium for generating codebooks for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) s. For example, a RIS controller generates a codebook for a RIS by computing weights using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) function or a fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) function, based on reference signals (RSs) transmitted by a transmitter. The weights correspond to the RIS elements or a subset of the RIS elements. In some aspects, the computation of the weights may include oversampling factors that allow for a higher resolution of the weights and improved search for an optimal precoding setting. Different sets of weights may be used for different incoming beams. The RIS controller may be trained with a pair of transmitter and a receiver to identify/generate the codebook for an optimized set of weights under specific situations.

A reconfigurable intelligent surface includes a radiant layer, a sensing feeding circuit layer, a processing layer and a controlling circuit layer. The radiant layer includes at least two antennas and a plurality of reflecting units. Each of the at least two antennas is configured for sensing a polarization, a frequency or a direction angle of an incident electromagnetic wave. The reflecting units are arranged to form a reflecting surface. The sensing feeding circuit layer is signally connected to the antennas. The processing layer is signally connected to the sensing feeding circuit layer, and the processing layer is configured to produce a controlling signal corresponding thereto. The controlling circuit layer is signally connected to the radiant layer and the processing layer, wherein the controlling circuit layer receives the controlling signal and controls the reflecting units according to the controlling signal to adjust and form a reflecting electromagnetic wave.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. During an operation for discovering reconfigurable surfaces, a sensing signal may be transmitted. Based on the sensing signal being transmitted, another signal may be detected at the device that transmitted the sensing signal, another device, or both. The device that detects the signal may combine the detected signal with a modulation sequence that is associated with a reconfigurable surface, where the reconfigurable surface may be assigned a set of unique modulation sequences and configured to apply a modulation sequence to received signals. Based on combining the detected signal with the modulation sequence, the device may determine whether the reconfigurable surface is present within a geographic region.