Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a beam reflecting device may receive target reflection angle information that indicates a target reflection angle range for reflect beams. The beam reflecting device may select one or more reflect beams based at least in part on the target reflection angle information. The beam reflecting device may transmit reflected power angle spectrum information that indicates the one or more reflect beams. Numerous other aspects are described.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a reconfigurable reflector combined with an amplifier for wireless communication, comprising: an amplification module; a controller configured to control the reconfigurable reflector; and the reconfigurable reflector configured to reflect an output beam of the amplification module, wherein the amplification module includes, a first antenna configured to receive a beam and transmit the beam to an amplifier, an amplifier configured to amplify the input beam and transmit the amplified beam to a second antenna, and the second antenna configured to receive the amplified beam and transmit the amplified beam to the reconfigurable reflector, and an output of the second antenna is output to a predetermined position of the reconfigurable reflector.

A method performed by a base station may comprise: transmitting, to a first reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) node, first control information for the first RIS node; transmitting, to a terminal, first information of the first RIS node based on the first control information; and transmitting a first signal to the first RIS node and the terminal while the first RIS node is in an activated state according to the first control information, wherein the first signal is transmitted to the terminal through a path reaching the terminal from the base station via the first RIS node and a path directly reaching the terminal from the base station.

A passive multiple-input multiple-output (P-MIMO) method that may be performed by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) includes applying a first voltage set to one or more unit cells of the RIS for reflecting a downlink signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device. The method includes applying a second voltage set to the one or more unit cells of the RIS for reflecting an uplink signal from the second wireless communication device to the first wireless communication device.

Examples disclosed herein relate to a meta-structure based active reflectarray for passive and active reflection. A control module is coupled to reflection elements to provide energy and change the phase of the elements.

This application provides a communication method and apparatus, applicable to the fields such as NR and LTE, to accurately estimate a G channel or an r/R channel, so as to ensure that other subsequent channels can still be accurately estimated. The method includes: A first device receives a first reference signal and performs channel estimation based on the first reference signal. The first reference signal is a reference signal determined by a second device by performing spectrum shifting on a second reference signal, and a frequency of the first reference signal is different from a frequency of the second reference signal.

The disclosure relates to a 5.sup.th generation (5G) or 6.sup.th generation (6G) communication system for supporting higher data transmission rates than 4th generation (4G) communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) systems. A method and a device are provided. The method includes, by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, receiving RIS information from an RIS controller (RC), identifying an incident beam incident on the UE, providing information about the identified incident beam to the RC and requesting information about candidate RIS modes, receiving the information about the candidate RIS modes, performing probing on the candidate RIS modes, deriving a final RIS mode among the candidate RIS modes using a result of the probing, and transmitting information about the final RIS mode to an RIS through the RC.

A network entity (e.g., a base station) may transmit, for a network node (e.g., a RIS), a RIS pattern configuration. The network entity may transmit, for the network node, a diode bias voltage configuration for a plurality of diodes or a plurality of RIS elements of the network node. The diode bias voltage configuration may be associated with the RIS pattern configuration. The network node may forward at least one transmission from a first device to a second device via the network node in one of an uplink, a downlink, or a sidelink based on the RIS pattern configuration and the diode bias voltage configuration.

A method for reflective index modulation based on intelligent reflecting surface, in which an IRS control unit is added into wireless communication system, and the data to be transmitted in a transmission is divided into two parts: a reflective domain data d.sub.r and a phase-amplitude domain data d.sub.c, the reflective domain data d.sub.r is transmitted through a wired connection to the IRS control unit to activate or deactivate each group of reflecting elements, the phase-amplitude domain data d.sub.c is modulated through traditional phase-amplitude domain modulation and transmitted to the IRS, the reflected signals contain the information of the reflective domain data d.sub.r, through the demodulating the baseband symbol y.sub.m,j, an estimated phase-amplitude modulation index m and an estimated reflective index j are obtained to recover the phase-amplitude domain data d.sub.c and the value of the reflective domain data d.sub.r respectively.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. An assistive node may include circuitry for operating in an amplifying mode and operating in a reflecting mode. The assistive node may transmit a message to a network entity indicating that the assistive node is capable of operating in an amplifying mode or a reflecting mode. The network entity may transmit scheduling information to the assistive node for a packet transmission to be reflected or amplified by the assistive node to a wireless device, for example, because a direct path between the network entity and the wireless device is blocked. The network entity may transmit control signaling to the assistive node configuring the assistive node to either reflect or amplify the packet transmission to the wireless device. The assistive node may reflect or amplify the packet transmission to the wireless device based on the control signaling.