A data center system having plural components including core switches and racks R.sub.i, each rack R.sub.i having plural servers; a global controller configured to control a traffic flow to each rack of the plural racks R.sub.i; plural reconfigurable intelligent surface, RIS, modules, a RIS module being configured to receive a first electromagnetic signal from a first component and emit a second electromagnetic signal toward a second component, the second electromagnetic signal carrying a same information as the first electromagnetic signal; and a local controller configured to adjust an emitting direction of the second electromagnetic signal by changing a current flow through the RIS module.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may transmit an indication of a plurality of beams received by the UE. The UE may receive a message indicating at least a first resource set associated with one or more first beams from the plurality of beams and a second resource set associated with one or more second beams from the plurality of beams. The UE may transmit a report indicative of a level of correlation between pairs of individual beams, each pair including a first individual beam of the one or more first beams and a second individual beam of the one or more second beams, and the UE may communicate with the base station via a selected beam of the one or more first beams or the one or more second beams.

A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: a terminal device obtains a channel measurement result, wherein the channel measurement result is obtained by the terminal device based on at least two reflections by an antenna element set of an intelligent reflecting surface for a first signal sent by a network device, the first signal is a signal for channel measurement, and the antenna element set includes at least two antenna elements; and the terminal device determines a path difference between the antenna elements of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the channel measurement result.

This application relates to the field of communications technologies, and discloses a modulation method and apparatus, a communications device, and a readable storage medium. The method includes: obtaining a bitstream to be transmitted; and determining, based on a bit in the bitstream and a mapping relationship, a forwarding pattern and a manner of modulating a forwarding phase in the forwarding pattern, where the mapping relationship is used to indicate a mapping relationship between the bit, the forwarding pattern, and a target index, and is used to indicate a mapping relationship between the bit and the phase modulation manner; and the target index includes at least one of the following: an index of a transmit antenna, an index of a receive antenna, and an index of an area after division of an array of assistance nodes.

In Wi-Fi 8, backscatter devices (BKDs) may be viewed as part of the 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN). BKDs in a WLAN have limited transmission interactions with a Wi-Fi access point (AP). Onboarding BKDs to the WLAN is described, which allows for the AP and BKD to participate as elements of the same local network, with security controls. The onboarding of the BKD to a WLAN may occur after discovery of the BKD at an AP and includes replacing an Initial Device Identifier (IDevID) on the BKD with a Local Device Identifier (LDevID) in order to provide for secure communications between the BKD and the WLAN.

Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are disclosed that may be implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that is in communication with a base station and/or an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). For example, the WTRU may operate to facilitate selection of a first beam transmitted from the base station and reflected by the IRS and selection of a reflection parameter set which configures the IRS to reflect the first beam in a manner which may enhance reception of the first beam at the WTRU. As another example, the WTRU may operate to facilitate selection of a beam pair which may include a first beam transmitted from the base station and a second beam transmitted from the base station and reflected by the IRS to the WTRU. The WTRU may receive a configuration which associates particular beams with particular reference signal resources.

The present disclosure may provide a terminal operation method in a wireless communication system. In this case, the terminal operation method may comprise the steps of: receiving reflection plate allocation information from a base station; transmitting one or more reference signals to the base station through a selected reflection plate on the basis of the reflection plate allocation information; acquiring phase information of the reflection plate from the base station; identifying channel information of a terminal on the basis of the phase information of the reflection plate; and transmitting a signal on the basis of the channel information.

A method of supporting beam forming by a base station in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: mapping reconfiguration intelligent surface (RIS) pattern information and a synchronization signal block (SSB); transmitting the mapped SSB to an RIS controller, and receiving a random access preamble for a terminal from the RIS controller.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques provide for a network entity to indicate a desired beamforming coverage scheme to a controller of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS controller may identify one or more realizable multi-lobe beamforming patterns in accordance with the desired beamforming coverage scheme, and may transmit multi-lobe beam information indicating the one or more realizable multi-lobe beamforming patterns to the network entity. In some cases, the RIS may indicate single-lobe beam information to the network entity, and the network entity may transmit one or more vectors to support generating the multi-lobe beam information. In some examples, based on the multi-lobe beam information, the network entity may indicate a multi-lobe beamforming pattern that the RIS is to use for relaying a multi-lobe reflect beam or a multi-lobe incident beam.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) may select a weight vector, from a plurality of stored weight vectors, for enabling a spatially multiplexed communication, between a transmitter and a receiver, that includes two or more layers for each polarization of a plurality of polarizations for the spatially multiplexed communication. The RIS may receive the spatially multiplexed communication from the transmitter. The RIS may transmit the spatially multiplexed communication to the receiver in accordance with the weight vector. Numerous other aspects are described.