Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communications. In one example, a method includes transmitting, to a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a reconfigurable intelligent surface reference signal (RIS-RS) configured for a user equipment, wherein the RIS-RS is not associated with a physical broadcast channel (PBCH); and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information (CSI) report comprising one or more measurements associated with the RIS-RS.

Disclosed is a method for determining beam information. The method includes: receiving beam capability information sent by an auxiliary communication device, the auxiliary communication device being at least one of: a smart repeater, or a Reconfigurable Intelligence Surface (RIS); and sending beam configuration information to the auxiliary communication device.

The present disclosure relates to an electronic device, method, and storage medium for wireless communication. Various embodiments for enhancing sidelink (SL) performance are described. In an embodiment, the electronic device comprises a processing circuit, and the processing circuit is configured to: determine a V2X communication policy for a specific region, wherein the V2X communication policy comprises at least one of service control information, communication assistance information, and transmission control information; and transmit the V2X communication policy, enabling a first terminal device to obtain the V2X communication policy.

An intelligent reflecting surface includes a plurality of first patch electrodes, a plurality of second patch electrodes including a size different from the plurality of first patch electrodes, a ground electrode facing and spaced apart from the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the plurality of first patch electrodes, the plurality of second patch electrodes, and the ground electrode. In a plan view, the plurality of first patch electrodes and the plurality of second patch electrodes are arranged in a first a second directions. In the case where a distance between centers of two adjacent first patch electrodes is a distance W1, the second patch electrode is arranged at a position spaced apart from the first patch electrode by a distance W1/2 parallel to the first direction and a distance W1/2 parallel to the second direction.

According to a first aspect, examples provide a method of operating a first communication node (CN), wherein the first CN is configured for controlling a first CED, wherein the first CED is reconfigurable to provide multiple spatial filterings, each one of the multiple spatial filtering being associated with a respective input spatial direction from which incident signals on a radio channel are accepted and with a respective output spatial direction into which the incident signals are transmitted by the first CED. The method comprises receiving, from a second CN on the radio channel, a first reference signal via a first propagation path and a second propagation path, wherein receiving the first reference signal via the first propagation path involves receiving a component of the reference signal via the first CED, measuring a first reception property of the first reference signal, and providing, to the first CED, a message for configuring the first CED to induce a first phase shift in the first propagation path. Further examples provide a further method of operating a first CN methods of operating a CED as well as respective first CNs, second CNs and CEDs.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface devices, RIS, may be used to improve receipt of radio signals received by wireless transmit-receive units, WTRUs, in a given area. In such area, WTRUs may receive radio signals directly from the transmitter, and indirectly, via reflection of the radio signals from the transmitter by the RIS device. A RIS may consist of programmable sub-wavelength sized unit cells placed in close proximity. Each unit cell behaves like a scatterer. Embodiments of a new RIS structure are described here, being based on a nearly passive reflecting platform. In a Nearly-Passive RIS structure according to embodiments, NP-RIS, each unit cell is programmed to have a constant invariable phase-shift. Embodiments of a unit cell selection method are described, to control the reflected wave by selecting a subset of unit cells whose reflection could assist coherent alignment of the reflected wave with the main direct signal at the WTRU.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information that indicates one or more of a first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second TCI state, a first cyclic prefix (CP) size, a first channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set, and a second CSI-RS resource set. The WTRU may determine a first delay spread and a first measurement value associated with a first CSI-RS. The WTRU may determine a second delay spread and a second measurement value associated with a second CSI-RS. The WTRU may send a first indication indicating whether the first delay spread is greater than or less than the first CP size.

The invention discloses a method of computing weights for a 1-bit phase shifts case of beamforming from an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) thereof. The method includes the steps of: writing a normalized array factor G of the IRS as a sum of weighted complex exponentials, where weights are binary. Identifying the partitions, the number of which is equal to the number of complex exponentials and equal to the number of unit cells in the IRS. Searching through the partitions and selecting the optimum partition, where assigning weights 104a as 1 and 1, or assigning weights 104b as any two distinct complex numbers per element. Finally step 105a or 105b involves computing the weights. The method discloses two strategies in mitigating grating lobe of an IRS. The method is extremely fast and is guaranteed to return the optimal solution with grating lobe mitigation.

A relay apparatus includes a plurality of reflection elements that applies independent phase shifts to an incoming wave, a communication circuitry that receives transmission point information from one or more transmission points, an element allocation circuitry, and a phase control circuitry. The element allocation circuitry determines the number of communication links to be established via the relay apparatus based on the transmission point information, determines the number of reflection elements to be allocated to each of the communication links, and determines a reflection element to be allocated to each of the communication links according to the number of the reflection elements. The phase control circuitry determines the phase weights so that a beam directed to a reception point being a communication destination of each communication link is generated by a reflection wave generated by each reflection element allocated to each of the communication links.

Optimized backscatter energy harvesting using a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) may be provided. Energy parameters may be received from a backscatter communication device. Then an energy critical message may be received from the backscatter communication device. The backscatter communication device may then be instructed to send frequent messages in response to receiving the energy critical message from the backscatter communication device. Next, a configuration for a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) cluster may be determined to supply energy to the backscatter communication device based on the energy parameters and the frequent messages. The RIS may be caused to supply energy to the backscatter communication device based on the configuration.