Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may monitor a plurality of synchronization raster frequencies to identify a frequency of a downlink signal transmitted from a base station, a first subset of the plurality of synchronization raster frequencies corresponding to the UE receiving the downlink signal from the base station and a second subset of the plurality of synchronization raster frequencies corresponding to the UE receiving the downlink signal from the base station via a configurable reflective device. The UE may identify a raster index associated with the frequency, the raster index corresponding to one of receiving the downlink signal from the base station or receiving the downlink signal from the base station via the configurable reflective device. The UE may transmit an uplink signal to the base station indicating the raster index.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a transmitter may transmit, to a first receiver and via an anchor node, a first layer of data. The transmitter may transmit, to a second receiver and via one or more helper nodes and the anchor node, a second layer of data, wherein the second layer of data is spatial domain multiplexed with the first layer of data, and a high effective rank channel is created between the transmitter and the anchor node using a combination of the one or more helper nodes. Numerous other aspects are described.

A system and a method for automatically adjusting a beam direction of a reflector are provided. The system includes: a reflector for reflecting, refracting, or transmitting incident waves of network signals to a specified area; a database, storing optimized setting combinations for specified areas that include an altitude of the reflector and angles thereof with respect to the specified area, making signals of the specified area have maximum intensity; a communication module, receiving a trigger signal; a computing and processing module, retrieving from the optimized setting combination for the specified area according to the area name of the trigger signal; and a control module, adjusting the altitude and angles of the reflector according to the optimized setting combination. The disclosure can automatically detect a specified area needing network service and automatically adjust the reflector for signal intensity enhancement.

Provided are a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) unit, and a control apparatus and method thereof. The control apparatus includes a voltage determination module that is activated when a first power supply voltage is applied, receives serial data, and obtains a plurality of level determination signals, a voltage fixing module that is driven when a second power supply voltage is applied, and stores a plurality of phase control signals obtained by level-shifting each of the plurality of level determination signals transmitted from the voltage determination module, and a phase shifting module configured to adjust a phase of a signal received by each of a plurality of radiators according to the plurality of phase control signals.

A DCS controller configured to control a digitally controllable scatterer, DCS, to simultaneously serve a subset of multiple receivers, where the DCS includes a plurality of scattering elements arranged on a scattering surface. The DCS controller is configured to determine a single-user codeword for each of the multiple receivers, where the single-user codeword defines a set of scattering elements of the scattering surface of the DCS for the respective receiver and a respective phase shift configuration for each scattering element in the set of scattering elements. The DCS controller is configured to determine a required signal gain for each of the multiple receivers and determine a subset of receivers based on the required signal gains. The DCS controller is configured to determine a subset of scattering elements of the scattering surface for each receiver in the subset of receivers and determine a multiple-user codeword based on the subsets.

The disclosure provides a radio frequency device, comprising a DCS with a surface that comprises scattering elements having a controllable phase shift, a transmitter configured to transmit an electromagnetic wave onto the scattering surface of the DCS, and a DCS controller. The DCS controller determines a codeword based on one or more parameters of the DCS, a characteristic of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitter and a characteristic of a desired electromagnetic wave scattered by the scattering surface of the DCS 102. The codeword determines a phase shift configuration for the plurality of scattering elements of the scattering surface of the DCS. Then, the DCS controller controls, using the codeword, the scattering elements of the scattering surface of the DCS to form the desired electromagnetic wave by scattering the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitter.

A computer-based method of configuring a digitally controllable scatterer (DCS) for providing efficient and reliable focus between a node having a known location and a node having an unknown location with reduced delay. The method includes obtaining a structured codebook that includes a poset of codewords. Each codeword provides a focusing capability for a possible focusing point and defines a phase shift configuration for the plurality of scattering elements. The method includes selecting an initial codeword to provide focusing on a current focal point and transmits the signal to detect a focusing error. If the focusing error is below a preset error threshold value, then the current codeword is used by the DCS. If the focusing error is greater than the error threshold value, then a new focal point is selected to determine the focusing error until the focusing error is below the preset error threshold value with reduced complexity.

An intelligent reflecting surface in one embodiment includes a plurality of patch electrodes, a common electrode opposite the plurality of patch electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer between the plurality of patch electrodes and the common electrode. The plurality of patch electrodes includes a first patch electrode, a second patch electrode adjacent to the first patch electrode, and a third patch electrode adjacent to the second patch electrode. An area of the first patch electrode is larger than an area of the second patch electrode. The area of the second patch electrode is larger than an area of the third patch electrode.

A controller may map user equipment (UE) devices in a wireless system to access points (AP) and reflective intelligent surfaces (RIS). The controller may generate a corresponding communications schedule based on the locations of the UE device(s), AP(s), and RIS(s) and based on current traffic demands. The controller may control the RIS(s), AP(s), and UE devices to implement the schedule. The schedule may divide the time, frequency, and/or spatial resources of the RIS(s) to meet the traffic demands of the UE devices using a space division multiple access scheme, a time-division multiple access scheme, a frequency-division multiple access scheme, and/or a distributed multiple-input and multiple output scheme. The schedule may be updated over time as needed. The RIS(s) may allow for a reduction in the number of AP(s) required to meet the dynamic demands of the UE devices, thereby minimizing deployment and operating costs.

Examples relate to a method of operating a first communication node (CN). The first CN is configured for controlling a re-configurable relaying device (RRD), in particular a re-configurable reflective device, the RRD being reconfigurable to provide multiple contemporaneous spatial polarization filterings, each one of the multiple spatial polarization filterings being associated with a respective input spatial direction from which incident signals on a radio channel are accepted and with a respective output spatial direction into which the incident signals are transmitted, in particular reflected, by the RRD. The method comprising providing, to a second CN, a message indicative of the RRD being configurable to transmit an incident signal from a second CN using an output spatial direction to the first CN depending on a property of the incident signal. Further examples, relate to methods of operating the second CN and the RRD. Still further examples, relate to corresponding first CNs, second CNs and RRDs.