Schemes and mechanisms for timing advance adjustment are provided. In a method for wireless communication, a BS transmits, to a user equipment (UE), a first timing offset configuration associated with a first reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) state and a second timing offset configuration associated with a second RIS state. The BS transmits, to the UE, a timing offset indication indicating one of the first timing offset configuration or the second timing offset configuration. The BS receives, from the UE based on the timing offset indication, an uplink (UL) communication.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node may transmit, via a beam and via a first subset of intelligent reflection surfaces (IRSs), a first transmission comprising a first reference signal or a first sounding reference signal (SRS) request. The network node may obtain a first signal quality measurement based at least in part on the first transmission. The network node may transmit, via the beam and via a second subset of IRSs, a second transmission, the second transmission comprising a second reference signal or a second SRS request. The network node may obtain a second signal quality measurement based at least in part on the second transmission. The network node may identify at least one IRS based at least in part on the first signal quality measurement and the second signal quality measurement. Numerous other aspects are described.

A communication system includes a base station configured to transmit and receive a radio wave, and a radio wave refracting plate configured to refract the radio wave transmitted from the base station at a predetermined angle to emit a refractive radio wave, when the radio wave passes through the radio wave refracting plate.

Provided are an intelligent surface and a spatial electromagnetic wave manipulation system. The intelligent surface includes M types of electromagnetic units, where M is greater than or equal to 2. The M types of electromagnetic units are distinguished by at least one of the following: the geometric shape of the electromagnetic unit, the manipulation manner of the electromagnetic unit or the type of an electromagnetic parameter manipulated by the electromagnetic unit.

A relay device relays a predetermined signal transmitted by a base station device through a predetermined beam by outputting the predetermined signal in a plurality of radio wave output directions without decoding user data, performs control such that the predetermined signal transmitted through the predetermined beam in a first time slot is relayed in a first direction among the plurality of radio wave output directions, and the predetermined signal transmitted through the predetermined beam in a second time slot is relayed in a second direction among the plurality of radio wave output directions, and selects an output direction, among the plurality of radio wave output directions, in which to output a radio wave in signal transmission between a terminal device and the relay device, based on a timing at which a second predetermined signal is received from the terminal device.

In one embodiment, a metasurface reflector array includes a primary metasurface reflector operable to be positioned on a first surface to reflect a primary node beam from a radio node positioned on a second surface transverse to the first surface, where a center of the primary metasurface reflector has a first vertical offset on the first surface, a pair of secondary metasurface reflectors operable to be positioned on adjacent sides of the primary metasurface reflector, each secondary metasurface reflector of the pair of secondary metasurface reflectors operable to reflect a secondary node beam from the radio node, where a center of each secondary metasurface reflector has a second vertical offset on the first surface that is greater than the first vertical offset, and a pair of tertiary metasurface reflectors operable to be positioned on adjacent sides of the pair of secondary metasurface reflectors.

The technology described herein is directed towards a transcoder that can be used to couple non-terrestrial network satellites to user equipment, including by decoding and reencoding data packets at the packet level. A metasurface (reconfigurable intelligent surface, or RIS) redirects signals from the satellite to a satellite radio frequency (RF) interface of the transcoder, with the transcoder also coupled by a Wi-Fi RF interface to user equipment, such as a computing device or cellphone. The transcoder converts, at the packet level, satellite-originating signals to Wi-Fi-compliant signals, and converts Wi-Fi-originating signal to satellite-compliant signals. The transcoder performs various additional conversion-related functions to facilitate such satellite service, including via frequency conversion, doppler manipulation, a repeater, frequency equalization/negative-slope compensation and RIS-related conversion in both the receive mode and transmit mode of the RIS. Various example form factors for implementing and deploying the transcoder and metasurface can be used.

This disclosure relates generally to a composite reconfigurable intelligent surface system for real time beam steering and method thereof. Conventional method for real time beam steering includes bulky systems with several antenna elements and amplifiers to shape and control the beam. The present disclosure provides a composite reconfigurable intelligent surface (CRIS) for real time beam steering. The CRIS is formed from a set of constituent reflecting surfaces which in turn are generated from unit cells. These unit cells are responsible for providing individual phase reflection performance utilizing the installed varactor diode in each unit cell. The CRIS can provide a) multi-beam reflection performance, b) polarization sensitive operation, c) 2D beam steering abilities, d) real-time beam control, e) null point reduction for beam shaping requirements and f) dependable pattern stability over a suitable range of frequencies.

The technology described herein is directed towards deploying a reconfigurable intelligent surface mounted to a drone to facilitate wireless network communications. In one usage model, the drone can be moved around different candidate locations, in conjunction with controlling passive and/or active beamforming of the reconfigurable intelligent surface, to survey locations for deploying reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, e.g., on buildings at various locations (including various heights) in a dense urban environment. Passive beamforming can be accomplished by controllably tilting the reconfigurable intelligent surface. Further, the technology described herein can couple user equipment signals for communication with other non-terrestrial equipment, such as a low-earth orbit satellite or high-altitude platform station, via a drone-mounted reconfigurable intelligent surface, or a fixed reconfigurable intelligent surface at a deployment location determined via the drone-mounted surveying operations.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A forwarding device (e.g., a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)) may transmit a capability message indicating one or more timing parameters associated with a time duration for the forwarding device to switch a set of forwarding elements from forwarding in a first direction to forwarding in a second direction. The forwarding device may receive, based on the indicated one or more timing parameters, one or more control messages that instructs the forwarding device to forward signal energy in the first direction during a first symbol period and to forward signal energy in the second direction during a second symbol period. The first symbol period may be different from the second symbol period. The forwarding device may include a primary array including a first set of forwarding elements and a secondary array including a second set of forwarding elements.