A method of a base station may comprise: configuring a reflection pattern in which reflective elements in at least one row of an RIS node are activated during a unit time, and then reflective elements in at least one column of the RIS are activated during a unit time; transmitting configuration information on the reflection pattern to the RIS node; receiving, from the RIS node, signals including pilot symbols reflected according to the configured reflection pattern; separating the signals received during the unit time into first reception signals in a first direction and second reception signals in a second direction; estimating a first channel in the first direction by using the first reception signals; estimating a second channel in the second direction by using the second reception signals; and detecting a direction of the RIS node using the first channel and the second channel.

Disclosed are systems, apparatuses, processes, and computer-readable media for wireless communications. For example, Nan example of a process can include receiving, by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a first message that includes configuration information for a sensing signal. The configuration information includes a carrier frequency and a bandwidth of the sensing signal. The process can further include determining, by the RIS, a number of frequency-domain segments for the sensing signal based on the configuration information and on reflection coefficient frequency-domain characteristics of meta-elements of the RIS. The process can include transmitting, by the RIS, a second message including the number of frequency-domain segments for the sensing signal.

There is provided a propagation environment reproduction device including: an anechoic chamber that blocks an electromagnetic wave from the outside; reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that are installed in the anechoic chamber; a RIS control device that provides a control signal to the RISs; a transmission antenna that is installed in the anechoic chamber; a channel emulator that controls a characteristic of an electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmission antenna; a reception antenna that is installed in the anechoic chamber as an evaluation target; and a control server that controls the RIS control device and the channel emulator. The RIS includes a first RIS that has a characteristic of changing transmittance of the electromagnetic wave according to the control signal and is disposed between the transmission antenna and the reception antenna.

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for use in non-terrestrial networks. A method for a user equipment in a non-terrestrial network is described. The non-terrestrial network includes a network device capable of communicating with the user equipment, a satellite, and a plurality of intelligent metasurfaces. The method may include: receiving system relevant information of the non-terrestrial network from the network device, the system relevant information including at least ephemeris information of the satellite, and identifiers and locations of one or more intelligent metasurfaces associated with the satellite among a plurality of intelligent metasurfaces; determining a path for the user equipment to communicate with the network device based at least on the received system relevant information, the determined path passing through one of the one or more intelligent metasurfaces; and communicating with the network device via the determined path.

According to an embodiment of the disclosed invention, a beamforming method of a wireless communication system including a base station, a reconfigurable intelligent surface, and a plurality of user equipment comprises: acquiring channel information between the base station and the reconfigurable intelligent surface; determining a phase change value input to the reconfigurable intelligent surface; and estimating a dependent channel based on the channel information, the phase change value, and an Lth column vector of an effective channel collected from the user equipment.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A communication device, such as a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration (for example, via control signaling) of a set of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The UE may select a primary RIS for bidirectional wireless communication (for example, uplink and downlink) and one or more secondary RISs for unidirectional wireless communication (for example, downlink) based on the configuration. The UE may use the one or more secondary RISs to enable higher throughput and extended coverage in the wireless communication system, for example, for downlink. The UE may communicate with the base station using the primary RIS, or the secondary RIS, or both.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques support decoupled uplink and downlink communications via reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Generally, the described techniques provide for using different passive network nodes for uplink and downlink communications. A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, an indication of a first transmission configuration indicator state for downlink communications with the base station and a second transmission configuration indicator state for uplink communications with the base station. The UE may receive, from the base station via a first passive device (e.g., a first reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)) associated with the first transmission configuration indicator state, a downlink message in a radio frame. The UE may transmit, to the base station via a second passive device (e.g., a second RIS) associated with the second transmission configuration indicator state, an uplink message in the radio frame.

The present disclosure provides an electronic device and method for wireless communication, and a computer readable storage medium. The electronic device comprises: a processing circuit, configured to estimate a first channel between a network node and an intelligent reflecting surface; pre-code, at least based on the estimated first channel, a plane wave signal sent by the network node, so that a channel model between the network node and a network terminal is equivalent to an orbital angular momentum channel model between the intelligent reflecting surface and the network terminal; and send the pre-coded plane wave signal.

Disclosed is a digital twin-based deduction and optimization method and system for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) communication system, including: collecting data from a scenario, including relevant data of an IRS physical model and real channel data; performing real-time data transmission on the collected data; establishing a digital twin three-dimensional (3D) model in a digital twin space based on the data after the real-time data transmission; establishing an IRS reflection mechanism model before fusing with the digital twin 3D model, the generalized Snell Equation being used to simplify a complex system in the IRS reflection mechanism model; deducing and optimizing the IRS communication system to obtain an optimization strategy; and feeding the optimization strategy back to the real world to realize the deduction and optimization of the IRS communication system.

A method of a network controlled repeater (NCR) may comprise: determining a rank of a backhaul link between a base station and the NCR; receiving access link configuration information from the base station; determining, among a plurality of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) panels, at least one RIS panel according to the determined rank and the access link configuration information; transmitting RIS configuration information to the at least one RIS panel; and transmitting at least one signal to the at least one RIS panel through at least one access link beam.