In one embodiment, an over-the-air millimeter wave repeater for a communications network comprises: a donor unit including a first plurality of modular electronic components and an access point including a second plurality of modular electronic components. The donor unit communicates downlink mmWave spectrum wireless signals received from a base station to the access point and radiates uplink mmWave spectrum wireless signals received from the access point to the base station. The access point radiates the downlink mmWave spectrum wireless signals received from the donor unit into a coverage area, receives the uplink mmWave spectrum wireless signals received from the coverage area, and communicates the uplink mmWave spectrum wireless signals to the donor unit. The first and second plurality of modular electronic components includes at least one of a modular antenna component, a modular signal conditioning component, a modular signal interface component, and a modular controller.

A method for access control applied to a user equipment (UE) includes: generating a first cause value through a radio resource control (RRC) layer; encapsulating the first cause value in an RRC dedicated signaling; and sending the RRC dedicated signaling and encapsulated with the first cause value to a network side device, wherein the RRC dedicated signaling is used by the network side device for access control.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing network access services to mobile users via multi-user network access terminals over a multi-beam satellite system. Quality-of-service (QoS) is controlled for the mobile devices at a per-user level according to user-specific traffic policies. Mobile users may be provisioned on the satellite system according to a set of traffic policies based on their service level agreement (SLA). System resources of the satellite may be allocated to mobile users based on the demand of each mobile user and the set of traffic polices associated with each mobile user, regardless of which multi-user network access terminal is used to access the system. Dynamic multiplexing of traffic from fixed terminals and mobile users on the same satellite beam can take advantage of statistical multiplexing of large numbers of users and on different usage patterns between fixed terminals and mobile users.

A non-geosynchronous satellite system, where each satellite has an antenna (perhaps a multi-element antenna) to form a beam pattern comprising a set of beams in the footprint of the satellite, where in one implementation each beam is substantially elliptical in shape having a minor axis and a major axis, where the minor axes are substantially collinear and the major axes are substantially oriented east to west. For a satellite, power is reduced or turned off for a subset of the set of beams, wherein each beam in the subset is reduced at or below a corresponding power level such that when a beam is powered above its corresponding power level an equivalent power flux-density (EPFD) exceeds a limit at some point on the Earth's surface.

A short-range wireless communications apparatus according to one embodiment includes a short-range wireless communications unit and a control unit. The short-range wireless communications unit is configured to communicate with a terminal device configured to provide a call service and a predetermined artificial intelligence service. The control unit configured to control the short-range wireless communications unit so that when the call service is provided, media data related to the call service is transmitted and received between the short-range wireless communications unit and the terminal device through a first channel, and when the artificial intelligence service is provided during the call service being provided, media data related to the artificial intelligence service is transmitted and received between the short-range wireless communications unit and the terminal device through a second channel separated from the first channel.

A satellite communication system is arranged for consecutively illuminating a plurality of contours on earth. The satellite communication system includes a modulator adjusting its transmission of data and dummy data to detected switching time instants, without causing too long delays or buffer overflows, or without impacting a return link synchronization. Traffic can be seamlessly switched to a redundant transmitter which is aligned with the beam hopping satellite to efficiently and reliably achieve synchronization.

Embodiments provide in-flight configuration of satellite pathways to flexibly service terra-link and cross-link traffic in a constellation of non-processed satellites, for example, to facilitate flexible forward-channel and return-channel capacity in a satellite communications system. For example, each satellite in the constellation can include one or more dynamically configurable pathway, and switching and/or beamforming can be used to configure each pathway to be a forward-channel pathway or a return-channel pathway in each of a number of timeslots according to a pathway configuration schedule. At least some of the pathways can be further selectively configured, in each timeslot, to carry “terra-link” traffic to and/or from terrestrial terminals and “cross-link” traffic to and/or from one or more other satellites of the constellation.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A user terminal (UT) to transmit small amounts of data, the UT including: a packet including the data, where the packet is less than 128 bytes; a frequency synchronizer to synchronize a transmission frequency of an ASCMA return link connecting the UT with a satellite gateway; and an ASCMA transmitter to transmit, without acquiring timing synchronization with the satellite gateway from the UT, the packet modulated over the synchronized transmission frequency as an ASCMA waveform including a preamble to indicate a start of a transmission. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.