According to the present invention a transmitter and a transmitting method for communicating data symbols over a communication channel, for example, according to the CDMA system is presented. The transmitter (24, 25) comprises means (9) for spreading each data symbol with a respective spreading code, wherein the spreading codes are mutually orthogonal. Means (10) for scrambling are provided to scramble each spread symbol with a respective scrambling code, the scrambling codes respectively having the same length as the spreading codes. Furthermore, means (11) for the transmission of the spread and scrambled symbols are provided. According to the present invention the means (10) for scrambling are provided with a plurality of different scrambling codes, which can be used simultaneously within the same link.

A cellular communication system comprising a plurality of geographically spaced base stations (2) each of which comprises an antenna arrangement (4, 6, 8) per base station sector, each of which antenna arrangements has an antenna element for generating an array of narrow beams (10, 12, 14) covering the sector. Timeslots are simultaneously transmitted over each of the beams so as to generate successive sets of simultaneously transmitted timeslots per sector. The timeslots are each split into multiple orthogonal codes, for example Walsh codes. The communication system additionally comprising a scheduling device (31) for allocating for successive sets of timeslots common overhead channels, including a common pilot channel, which are allocated to the same sub-set of codes of each timeslot in the set. For successive sets of timeslots different data traffic is allocated to the same sub-set of codes of each timeslot in the set. This effectively generates a sector wide antenna beam carrying the common overhead channels and a plurality of narrow beams each of which carry different data traffic. Inter-beam interference is addressed by the application of Adaptive Modulation and Coding and by an inter-beam handoff scheme. The handoff scheme ensures that when an end user equipment is located in a cusp region between adjacent beams the antenna arrangement simultaneously transmits data traffic to that mobile station on at least both of the adjacent beams.

Mobile Networks using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) and or spread spectrum modulation and demodulation techniques process in mobile devices spread spectrum signals into OFDM signals. A first mobile device receives and demodulates a spread spectrum modulated signal into a baseband spread spectrum signal and processes the baseband spread spectrum signal into a first OFDM signal. The first OFDM signal is transmitted to a second mobile device. In the second mobile device the received first OFDM signal is demodulated and processed into a second OFDM signal. The second OFDM signal is transmitted in the mobile network. Alternatively, the first mobile device receives, instead of a spread spectrum signal a modulated OFDM signal. The mobile device has a motion detector which generates a motion detector signal for control of the mobile device. The mobile device has a heart rate sensor and measures the heart rate.

There is provided with a method for enabling a user equipment to perform a random access procedure in a wireless communication system. The method includes transmitting a random access preamble and receiving a random access response as a response to the random access preamble. The random access response is addressed by a random access identifier. The random access identifier is mapped to radio resources used for transmitting the random access preamble. The user equipment can immediately confirm its random access response and perform further efficient random access procedure.

There is provided a duplexer having first, second and third ports and adapted for connection between an antenna and uplink and downlink, respectively, in a full duplex communication system. The duplexer has first and second quarter wave transformers connected between the first and third and between the first and second ports, respectively. The duplexer has a balancing resistor connected between the third port and the output of the second transformer. The duplexer has a filter circuit connected between the output of the second transformer and the second port.

According to the present invention a transmitter and a transmitting method for communicating data symbols over a communication channel, for example, according to the CDMA system is presented. The transmitter (24, 25) comprises means (9) for spreading each data symbol with a respective spreading code, wherein the spreading codes are mutually orthogonal. Means (10) for scrambling are provided to scramble each spread symbol with a respective scrambling code, the scrambling codes respectively having the same length as the spreading codes. Furthermore, means (11) for the transmission of the spread and scrambled symbols are provided. According to the present invention the means (10) for scrambling are provided with a plurality of different scrambling codes, which can be used simultaneously within the same link.

Synchronous FHSS networks operating within mesh networks typically require a certain amount of network traffic to maintain time as well as for executing other functions, such as registration and neighbor discovery. The concepts presented in this disclosure provide a mesh network with enhanced communication capabilities without adding significant hardware or firmware costs to nodes within the network. The disclosed concept of using acquisition channels (frequencies) integrated within FHSS pseudo-random sequences speeds network responses to conditions like outage and restoration. Assignment of unique hop sequences by hop level or at time of manufacture can guarantee minimal network contention while minimizing system network traffic.

A method and corresponding system for causing a de-authorized or decommissioned wireless communication device (WCD) to refrain from initiating communications with one or more services and/or servers in a wireless communication system. The WCD may be configured for communicating with a wireless communication system via (i) air interface access with a radio access network (RAN) having a dedicated backhaul connection to the wireless communication system, and (ii) a wireless access device providing a communication link to at least one intermediate network in a communication path to the wireless communication system. In response to the WCD detecting a threshold number of consecutive failed attempts to gain air interface access via the RAN, the WCD would disable at least one computer application from attempting to initiate communications with the wireless communication system via the wireless access device.

A method and apparatus for mobile two-tier wireless communication are provided. A wireless communication signal may be received at a mobile communication device from a cellular base station. Data may be recovered from the received wireless communication signal. The data may be transmitted to an IEEE 802.11 user device. A second wireless communication signal may be received from the IEEE 802.11 user device. Data may be recovered from the second wireless communication signal. The data may be transmitted to the cellular base station.

There is provided a method for enabling a user equipment to perform a random access procedure in a wireless communication system. The method includes transmitting a random access preamble and receiving a random access response as a response to the random access preamble. The random access response is addressed by a random access identifier. The random access identifier is mapped to radio resources used for transmitting the random access preamble. The user equipment can immediately confirm its random access response and perform further efficient random access procedure.