Communication of light signals and optical cables can be managed to mitigate error associated with using optical cables to communicate light signals. A communication management component (CMC) can embed respective timing synchronization pulses in respective lights signals having respective wavelengths. The light signals can be typical light signals or can be squeezed and twisted to generate a desired twisted light signal. The light signals can be transmitted via the optical cable to a receiver. A CMC, at the receiver end, can determine error associated with the transmission of the light signals via the optical cable and respective characteristics of the respective light signals, including respective arrival times of the respective timing synchronization pulses and respective light intensity or power levels of the respective light signals. From the respective characteristics, CMC can determine a compensation action to perform mitigate the error with regard to subsequent transmissions of light signals.

A signal transmission method is applied to a receiving terminal so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the signal transmission method includes: receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line.

Provided is an optical transmission method including: executing mapping processing (112) so that information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, is mapped in a pattern of two or more Stokes vectors orthogonal between slots of a multi-time slot; generating an optical signal from an electric signal processed by the mapping processing; and transmitting the optical signal. A reception side receives the optical signal and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal, and executes de-mapping processing (322) for conversion into the information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, by selecting high-likelihood bit information in association with the mapping processing in which the information is mapped in the pattern of Stokes vectors orthogonal between the slots of the multi-time slot.

Provided is an optical transmission method including: executing mapping processing (112) so that information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, is mapped in a pattern of two or more Stokes vectors orthogonal between slots of a multi-time slot; generating an optical signal from an electric signal processed by the mapping processing; and transmitting the optical signal. A reception side receives the optical signal and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal, and executes de-mapping processing (322) for conversion into the information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, by selecting high-likelihood bit information in association with the mapping processing in which the information is mapped in the pattern of Stokes vectors orthogonal between the slots of the multi-time slot.

Systems and methods include a transmitter configured to communicate over an optical link to a receiver; and a controller configured to, with the transmitter and the receiver operating in a first operating mode, obtain measurements related to operation over the optical link, determine statistical properties of the optical link based on the measurements, wherein the statistical properties relate to conditions on the optical link, and set a second operating mode of one or more of the transmitter and the receiver based on the determined statistical properties. Each of the first operating mode and the second operating mode refer to associated settings in one or more of the transmitter and the receiver, and there is a trade-off between the first operating mode and the second operating mode and associated margin on the optical link.

Systems and methods include a transmitter configured to communicate over an optical link to a receiver; and a controller configured to, with the transmitter and the receiver operating in a first operating mode, obtain measurements related to operation over the optical link, determine statistical properties of the optical link based on the measurements, wherein the statistical properties relate to conditions on the optical link, and set a second operating mode of one or more of the transmitter and the receiver based on the determined statistical properties. Each of the first operating mode and the second operating mode refer to associated settings in one or more of the transmitter and the receiver, and there is a trade-off between the first operating mode and the second operating mode and associated margin on the optical link.

A polarization scrambler using a retardance element (RE) is disclosed. The polarization scrambler may include an optical fiber input to transmit an optical signal, and a beam expander to receive and expand the optical signal to create an expanded optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include a retardance element (RE) to cause a polarization scrambling effect on the expanded optical signal and to create a scrambled expanded optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include a beam reducer to receive and reduce the scrambled expanded optical signal to create a scrambled optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include an optical fiber output to receive scrambled optical signal. The optical fiber output may transmit the scrambled optical signal to one or more downstream optical components.

A polarization scrambler using a retardance element (RE) is disclosed. The polarization scrambler may include an optical fiber input to transmit an optical signal, and a beam expander to receive and expand the optical signal to create an expanded optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include a retardance element (RE) to cause a polarization scrambling effect on the expanded optical signal and to create a scrambled expanded optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include a beam reducer to receive and reduce the scrambled expanded optical signal to create a scrambled optical signal. The polarization scrambler may include an optical fiber output to receive scrambled optical signal. The optical fiber output may transmit the scrambled optical signal to one or more downstream optical components.

Provided is an optical transmission method including: executing mapping processing (112) so that information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, is mapped in a pattern of two or more Stokes vectors orthogonal between slots of a multi-time slot; generating an optical signal from an electric signal processed by the mapping processing; and transmitting the optical signal. A reception side receives the optical signal and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal, and executes de-mapping processing (322) for conversion into the information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, by selecting high-likelihood bit information in association with the mapping processing in which the information is mapped in the pattern of Stokes vectors orthogonal between the slots of the multi-time slot.

Provided is an optical transmission method including: executing mapping processing (112) so that information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, is mapped in a pattern of two or more Stokes vectors orthogonal between slots of a multi-time slot; generating an optical signal from an electric signal processed by the mapping processing; and transmitting the optical signal. A reception side receives the optical signal and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal, and executes de-mapping processing (322) for conversion into the information of one unit of one system, or one unit of each of a plurality of systems, by selecting high-likelihood bit information in association with the mapping processing in which the information is mapped in the pattern of Stokes vectors orthogonal between the slots of the multi-time slot.