A distributed radio access network (RAN) is provided. A selected wireless transceiver node(s) in a selected coverage cell receives a radio frequency (RF) test signal(s). The selected wireless transceiver node(s) determines an effective gain value based on a predefined characteristic of the RF test signal(s). The selected wireless transceiver node(s) communicates the effective gain value and other related parameters to a server apparatus in the distributed RAN. The server apparatus determines a common gain value for the selected wireless transceiver node(s) in the selected coverage cell based on the parameters. Accordingly, the selected wireless transceiver node(s) operates based on the common gain value. By determining a respective common gain value for each of the coverage cells in the distributed RAN, it may be possible for all the wireless transceiver nodes in the distributed RAN to communicate an uplink digital communications signal(s) without causing distortion in the uplink digital communications signal(s).

Transmitting and receiving apparatuses, transmitting and receiving methods, and a transceiver for a phased array antenna are provided. The transmitting apparatus may comprise a laser light source configured to provide an optical beam comprising one or more spectral components. The transmitting apparatus may comprise a modulator configured to modulate the optical beam with a signal to be transmitted. The transmitting apparatus may comprise one or more group delay controlling units configured to add one or more controllable time delays to the one or more spectral components. Further, the transmitting apparatus may comprise a plurality of waveguides each having a chromatic dispersion configured to guide the optical beam, wherein the laser light source is tunable to control time delays added by the plurality of waveguides.

An analog signal can be received. The analog signal can preserve native RF characteristics of a device RF signal received from a wireless device operating in a closed environment. An analog signature of the wireless device can be generated based on the native RF characteristics of the device RF signal. A digital signature of the wireless device can be generated based on information of network packets received from the wireless device. The analog signature and the digital signature can be correlated with characteristics of each known device of a plurality of known devices. The wireless device can be determined to be an unauthorized device based on correlating the analog signature and the digital signature with the characteristics of each known device.

A communication network system is a communication network system that distributes information to a plurality of terminals inside a closed space. The communication network system includes a network server and a plurality of lighting fixtures each having an antenna that transmits and receives millimeter-wave-band communication signals to and from the terminals.

Embodiments relate to providing simultaneous digital and analog services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (RF) antenna systems (DASs), and related components and methods. A multiplex switch unit associated with a head-end unit of a DAS can be configured to receive a plurality of analog and digital downlink signals from one or more sources, such as a service matrix unit, and to assign each downlink signal to be transmitted to one or more remote units of the DAS. In one example, when two or more downlink signals are assigned to be transmitted to the same remote unit, a wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer associated with the multiplex switch unit can be configured to wave division multiplex the component downlink signals into a combined downlink signal for remote side transmission and to demultiplex received combined uplink signals into their component uplink signals for head-end side transmission.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving a first optical signal from a first optical network via a first port of the wavelength converter, receiving a second optical signal from a second optical network via a second port of the wavelength converter, modulating the first optical signal with the second light signal to generate a third optical signal, eliminating the first light signal from the third optical signal to generate a fourth optical signal, and transmitting the fourth optical signal through the second optical network. The first optical signal can include a first digital signal modulated onto a first light signal of a first wavelength, the second optical signal can include a second light signal can include a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and the fourth optical signal can include the first digital signal modulated onto the second light signal. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Various hybrid cellular network arrangements are presented herein. Multiple light base stations may be present, in each light base station of the plurality of light base stations, a radio unit and an antenna may be present, but not a distributed unit. A local data center can be present, which can include a distributed unit host server system. This system can be communicatively connected with each light base station of the plurality of light base stations. The distributed unit host server system of the local data center can host an instantiation of a distributed unit for each light 5G base station of the plurality of light base stations. The local data center can be geographically remote from the light 5G base stations.

A terminal (1050) includes a light receiver (151) that receives a light signal emitted by an apparatus (1000), the light signal including an identifier (SSID) of at least one base station (470); a receiver (153) that performs a reception process on the received light signal to output reception data; a data analyzer (155) that selects one base station based on the identifier of the at least one base station that is included in the reception data; and a radio device (453) that establishes a wireless connection with the selected base station (470) by using the identifier of the base station (470) and wirelessly communicates with the base station (470).

Embodiments relate to providing simultaneous digital and analog services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (RF) antenna systems (DASs), and related components and methods. A multiplex switch unit associated with a head-end unit of a DAS can be configured to receive a plurality of analog and digital downlink signals from one or more sources, such as a service matrix unit, and to assign each downlink signal to be transmitted to one or more remote units of the DAS. In one example, when two or more downlink signals are assigned to be transmitted to the same remote unit, a wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer associated with the multiplex switch unit can be configured to wave division multiplex the component downlink signals into a combined downlink signal for remote side transmission and to demultiplex received combined uplink signals into their component uplink signals for head-end side transmission.

An intermediate node (203) for a transport network (200) is configured such that traffic flows between at least one remote access node (201) and a central hub node (202) pass via the intermediate node (203). The intermediate node (203) is configured to selectively process a traffic flow depending on a responsiveness requirement of the traffic flow.