An optoelectronic device and method of making the same. The device comprising: a substrate; an epitaxial crystalline cladding layer, on top of the substrate; and an optically active region, above the epitaxial crystalline cladding layer; wherein the epitaxial crystalline cladding layer has a refractive index which is less than a refractive index of the optically active region, such that the optical power of the optoelectronic device is confined to the optically active region.

An optoelectronic device and method of making the same. The device comprising: a substrate; an epitaxial crystalline cladding layer, on top of the substrate; and an optically active region, above the epitaxial crystalline cladding layer; wherein the epitaxial crystalline cladding layer has a refractive index which is less than a refractive index of the optically active region, such that the optical power of the optoelectronic device is confined to the optically active region.

An optical device equips a piece of communication equipment of an optical wireless communication network, and includes a monolithic optical element including at least one ruled optical surface having a curved generatrix selected to present an orientation that varies harmonically as a function of angular position, so as to spatially orient a radiation pattern for transmission and/or a radiation pattern for reception of light waves.

An optical device equips a piece of communication equipment of an optical wireless communication network, and includes a monolithic optical element including at least one ruled optical surface having a curved generatrix selected to present an orientation that varies harmonically as a function of angular position, so as to spatially orient a radiation pattern for transmission and/or a radiation pattern for reception of light waves.

An apparatus comprising a bidirectional amplifier or node supporting out-of-band signaling may be provided. The apparatus may comprise a first diplexer, a second diplexer, an upstream reverse amplifier, and a downstream Out-of-Band (OOB) amplifier. The first diplexer may comprise a first diplexer band-stop filter and a first diplexer band-pass filter. The first diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a first diplexer first port and a first diplexer second port. The first diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the first diplexer first port and a first diplexer third port. The second diplexer may comprise a second diplexer band-stop filter and a second diplexer band-pass filter. The second diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a second diplexer first port and a second diplexer second port. The second diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the second diplexer first port and a second diplexer third port.

An apparatus comprising a bidirectional amplifier or node supporting out-of-band signaling may be provided. The apparatus may comprise a first diplexer, a second diplexer, an upstream reverse amplifier, and a downstream Out-of-Band (OOB) amplifier. The first diplexer may comprise a first diplexer band-stop filter and a first diplexer band-pass filter. The first diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a first diplexer first port and a first diplexer second port. The first diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the first diplexer first port and a first diplexer third port. The second diplexer may comprise a second diplexer band-stop filter and a second diplexer band-pass filter. The second diplexer band-stop filter may be connected between a second diplexer first port and a second diplexer second port. The second diplexer band-pass filter may be connected between the second diplexer first port and a second diplexer third port.

A monitoring and calibration apparatus for an optical networking device such as ROADM is provided. Reflectors are integrated into the device, for example at the ends of optical interconnect cables. The reflectors reflect light in specific monitoring wavelengths and pass other wavelengths such as those used for communication. A light source emits monitoring light which is reflected by the reflector and measured by a detector to measure the integrity of optical paths. The optical paths can include optical cables and cable connectors. Path integrity between different modules of the device can therefore be monitored. Multiple reflectors, reflecting light in different wavelengths, can be placed in series along the same optical path and used to monitor multiple segments of the path. A wavelength selective switch (WSS) of the device can be used to route monitoring light to different optical paths. The WSS also operates to route communication signals in the device.

A monitoring and calibration apparatus for an optical networking device such as ROADM is provided. Reflectors are integrated into the device, for example at the ends of optical interconnect cables. The reflectors reflect light in specific monitoring wavelengths and pass other wavelengths such as those used for communication. A light source emits monitoring light which is reflected by the reflector and measured by a detector to measure the integrity of optical paths. The optical paths can include optical cables and cable connectors. Path integrity between different modules of the device can therefore be monitored. Multiple reflectors, reflecting light in different wavelengths, can be placed in series along the same optical path and used to monitor multiple segments of the path. A wavelength selective switch (WSS) of the device can be used to route monitoring light to different optical paths. The WSS also operates to route communication signals in the device.

Provided are a relay apparatus and a relay method for a passive optical network so as to largely extend a communicable distance while maintaining compatibility with existing network components. In the case of applying an optical relay to the passive optical network, a delay time is reduced by applying the optical relay so that entire transmission delay time considering the increased delay time may be within a preamble period of the upstream burst stream, thereby rapidly increasing a transmission distance of the passive optical network by using the optical relay.

Provided are a relay apparatus and a relay method for a passive optical network so as to largely extend a communicable distance while maintaining compatibility with existing network components. In the case of applying an optical relay to the passive optical network, a delay time is reduced by applying the optical relay so that entire transmission delay time considering the increased delay time may be within a preamble period of the upstream burst stream, thereby rapidly increasing a transmission distance of the passive optical network by using the optical relay.