A data diode provides a flexible device for collecting data from a data source and transmitting the data to a data destination using one-way data transmission across a main channel. On-board processing elements allow the data diode to identify automatically the type of connectivity provided to the data diode and configure the data diode to handle the identified type of connectivity. Either or both of the inbound and outbound side of the data diode may comprise one or both of wired and wireless communication interfaces. A secure reverse channel, separate from the main channel, allows carefully predetermined communications from the data destination to the data source.

A medical system includes a first electrical circuit, a second electrical circuit electrically isolated from the first electrical circuit, an optical isolator circuit coupled between the first and second electrical circuits, and a common-mode choke comprising a plurality of wires wound around a core and configured to reduce a voltage transient at an input of the optical isolator circuit to a level within a tolerance of the optical isolator circuit. A first end of the wires is conductively coupled to an output of the first electrical circuit and a second end of the wires is conductively coupled to the input of the optical isolator circuit.

A converter module comprises a housing; a fiber optic connector integrated with the housing, wherein the fiber optic connector is configured to mount directly to a fiber optic connector in a service terminal; a single electrical connector configured to couple to a metallic medium; and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and coupled to the fiber optic connector and the single electrical connector, the O/E converter configured to convert between optical frames communicated via the fiber optic connector and electrical signals communicated via the metallic medium.

Arrays of optical emitters, modulators, receivers and/or optoelectronic devices used in communication are printed with redundant elements to provide multiple solutions to select from at screening time to improve overall yield. Multiple optoelectronic devices are printed on common chiplets, tightly packed, or printed in sub-arrays.

A method and a system for adding a floating analog voltage signal over a reference analog voltage signal. The system and the method may accurately control the value of the floating analog voltage signal—using an optical feedback path, and may directly add the floating analog voltage signal over the reference analog voltage signal.

A standby power system for a flyback converter is disclosed. The flyback converter includes a primary-side, a secondary-side, an output terminal at the secondary-side, and a secondary-side controller, where the output terminal is configured to electrically connect to a load. The standby power system comprises a comparator at the secondary-side, an opto-coupler in signal communication with the primary-side, the secondary-side, and the comparator, and a cable detach detector (or load detector). The cable detach detector is configured to determine whether a device is electrically connected to the flyback converter through a charging cable and to set the flyback converter into a standby mode if the deice is disconnected from the charging cable.

A pulse oximetry system for reducing the risk of electric shock to a medical patient can include physiological sensors, at least one of which has a light emitter that can impinge light on body tissue of a living patient and a detector responsive to the light after attenuation by the body tissue. The detector can generate a signal indicative of a physiological characteristic of the living patient. The pulse oximetry system may also include a splitter cable that can connect the physiological sensors to a physiological monitor. The splitter cable may have a plurality of cable sections each including one or more electrical conductors that can interface with one of the physiological sensors. One or more decoupling circuits may be disposed in the splitter cable, which can be in communication with selected ones of the electrical conductors. The one or more decoupling circuits can electrically decouple the physiological sensors.

An optical device includes: lasers output first light from a front-end side and output second light from a rear-end side; an optical multiplexer circuit multiplex respective rays of the first light, to thereby send out output light; waveguides guide respective rays of the second light toward one end face of the optical device; and light detectors receive respective rays of reflected light that are due to reflection of the respective rays of the second light after being guided by the waveguides, on the one end face or on respective inclined end faces in concave portions formed on that one end face. The light detector is located between the rear-end side of the laser and the one end face or the inclined end face, and the second light is outputted diagonally relative to a perpendicular line with respect to the one end face or the inclined end face.

A standby power system for a flyback converter is disclosed. The flyback converter includes a primary-side, a secondary-side, an output terminal at the secondary-side, and a secondary-side controller, where the output terminal is configured to electrically connect to a load. The standby power system comprises a comparator at the secondary-side, an opto-coupler in signal communication with the primary-side, the secondary-side, and the comparator, and a cable detach detector (or load detector). The cable detach detector is configured to determine whether a device is electrically connected to the flyback converter through a charging cable and to set the flyback converter into a standby mode if the deice is disconnected from the charging cable.

A powered device interface assembly includes an optocoupler and a powered device interface. The opto-coupler is electrically coupled with a microcontroller of the power device interface. The powered device interface includes a telemetry circuit coupled with the opto-coupler and configured to generate encoded telemetry information for output via a single pin of the powered device interface for transmission to the microcontroller of the powered device, wherein the opto-coupler is coupled with the single pin and is configured to electrically isolate the single pin from the microcontroller.