An apparatus comprising a relatively high temperature electronic device, a relatively low temperature electronic device operably coupled to the relatively high temperature electronic device. The operable coupling comprises at least one of optical coupling, inductive coupling or capacitive coupling through at least one contained free space located between the electronic device and the other electronic device across one of air or a full or partial vacuum in a volume of the contained free space adjacent a path of the operable coupling. Related systems and methods are also disclosed.

According to various embodiments, an intelligent electronic device IED, such as a protective relay, includes a universal binary input circuit for receiving an AC or DC binary input with a voltage magnitude between approximately 0 Volts and 300 Volts. The universal binary input provides reinforced isolation via an input protection subcircuit and an optocoupler for communicating an optical signal with an electrically isolated controller based on the received binary input signal. In one embodiment, a duty cycle modulation subcircuit generates a pulse width modulated drive signal to drive the optocoupler based on the voltage magnitude of the received binary input. The duty cycle of the pulse width modulated drive signal is (linearly or nonlinearly) inversely proportional to the voltage magnitude of the received binary input.

A data translation system (100) for performing a non-linear data translation on a digitized AC signal is provided. The non-linear data translation system (100) includes an input for receiving the digitized AC signal, an output for outputting a non-linearly translated signal, and a processing system (104) coupled to the input and to the output. The processing system (104) is configured to receive the digitized AC signal, non-linearly translate the digitized AC signal using a predetermined transfer function to create the non-linearly translated signal, and transfer the non-linearly translated signal to the output.

A first optical splitter splits a light source to obtain a first optical signal, a second optical signal, and a third optical signal. A first MZ modulator modulates the first optical signal to output a fourth optical signal. A second MZ modulator modulates the second optical signal to output a fifth optical signal. A first optical coupler couples the fourth optical signal and the fifth optical signal to output a sixth optical signal and a seventh optical signal. A power regulator and a phase shifter respectively perform power adjustment and phase shifting on the third optical signal to output an eighth optical signal. A second optical splitter splits the eighth optical signal into a ninth optical signal and a tenth optical signal. A second optical coupler combines the sixth optical signal and the ninth optical signal. A third optical coupler combines the seventh optical signal and the tenth optical signal.

A pulse oximetry system for reducing the risk of electric shock to a medical patient can include physiological sensors, at least one of which has a light emitter that can impinge light on body tissue of a living patient and a detector responsive to the light after attenuation by the body tissue. The detector can generate a signal indicative of a physiological characteristic of the living patient. The pulse oximetry system may also include a splitter cable that can connect the physiological sensors to a physiological monitor. The splitter cable may have a plurality of cable sections each including one or more electrical conductors that can interface with one of the physiological sensors. One or more decoupling circuits may be disposed in the splitter cable, which can be in communication with selected ones of the electrical conductors. The one or more decoupling circuits can electrically decouple the physiological sensors.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) module for use in an optical transceiver or transmitter that includes a magnetically-shielded optical isolator to minimize or otherwise reduce magnetization of TOSA components. An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a TOSA housing with magnetic shielding at least partially surrounding an optical isolator, with the magnetic shielding reflecting associated magnetic energy away from components, such as a metal TOSA housing or components disposed therein, that could become magnetized and adversely impact the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field associated with the optical isolator.

A converter module comprises a housing; a fiber optic connector integrated with the housing, wherein the fiber optic connector is configured to mount directly to a fiber optic connector in a service terminal; a single electrical connector configured to couple to a metallic medium; and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and coupled to the fiber optic connector and the single electrical connector, the O/E converter configured to convert between optical frames communicated via the fiber optic connector and electrical signals communicated via the metallic medium.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) module for use in an optical transceiver or transmitter that includes a magnetically-shielded optical isolator to minimize or otherwise reduce magnetization of TOSA components. An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a TOSA housing with magnetic shielding at least partially surrounding an optical isolator, with the magnetic shielding reflecting associated magnetic energy away from components, such as a metal TOSA housing or components disposed therein, that could become magnetized and adversely impact the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field associated with the optical isolator.

A first die is communicatively coupled to a first isolation communication channel and a second isolation communication channel and configured to send a first heartbeat signal over the first isolation communication channel. A second die is coupled to receive the first heartbeat signal from the first die over the first isolation communication channel and to supply a second heartbeat signal to the second isolation communication channel. The first die enters a first die low power mode responsive to detecting an absence of the second heartbeat signal and the second die enters a second die low power mode responsive to detecting an absence of the first heartbeat signal. The first and second die use low power oscillators in the low power mode to supply the heartbeat signals.

A single line converter module comprises a housing; an environmentally hardened fiber optic connector located in the housing and configured to be optically coupled to a service terminal for receiving downstream optical frames; a single electrical connector located in the housing and coupled over a metallic medium to a network terminal providing a service to respective customer premise equipment (CPE); and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and configured to convert the downstream optical frames to an electrical signal for transmission over the metallic medium to the network terminal.