Mismatch detection using periodic structures is provided. Embodiments described herein can measure and detect mismatch between two loads in a radio frequency (RF) system without the need for external calibration by referencing their measurements into a small set of parameters that are intrinsic to the RF system design. This approach can be used to compare impedances of two loads and measure their impedances relative to each other without requiring any external calibration (e.g., the approach does not assume any prior known physical quantities in the system, such as a reference impedance). This approach can be used to compare the two loads to each other, as well as to quantify the amount of mismatch between these loads by calculating reflection coefficient between the loads. Loads can be passive devices, such as antennas, or they can be active devices, such as amplifiers.

Mismatch detection using periodic structures is provided. Embodiments described herein can measure and detect mismatch between two loads in a radio frequency (RF) system without the need for external calibration by referencing their measurements into a small set of parameters that are intrinsic to the RF system design. This approach can be used to compare impedances of two loads and measure their impedances relative to each other without requiring any external calibration (e.g., the approach does not assume any prior known physical quantities in the system, such as a reference impedance). This approach can be used to compare the two loads to each other, as well as to quantify the amount of mismatch between these loads by calculating reflection coefficient between the loads. Loads can be passive devices, such as antennas, or they can be active devices, such as amplifiers.

A disclosure of this specification provides a device configured to operate in a wireless system, the device comprising: a transceiver configured with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)-New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC), wherein the EN-DC is configured to use three bands, a processor operably connectable to the transceiver, wherein the processer is configured to: control the transceiver to receive a downlink signal, control the transceiver to transmit an uplink signal via at least two bands among the three bands, wherein a value of Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to a reference sensitivity for receiving the downlink signal

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). In a wireless communication system, a transmission apparatus comprises at least one antenna port for transmitting/receiving a signal, an analogue filter for selecting the frequency of the signal, and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection unit for measuring the VSWR of the antenna port, wherein the VSWR detection unit is configured to detect both a forward signal and a reverse signal for an input terminal of the analogue filter, to determine the respective power values of a forward signal and a reverse signal for an output terminal of the analogue filter by applying characteristic parameters of the analogue filter to the detected forward signal and receive signal, and to determine the VSWR of the antenna port on the basis of the respective power values of the forward signal and the reverse signal for the output terminal of the analogue filter.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). In a wireless communication system, a transmission apparatus comprises at least one antenna port for transmitting/receiving a signal, an analogue filter for selecting the frequency of the signal, and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection unit for measuring the VSWR of the antenna port, wherein the VSWR detection unit is configured to detect both a forward signal and a reverse signal for an input terminal of the analogue filter, to determine the respective power values of a forward signal and a reverse signal for an output terminal of the analogue filter by applying characteristic parameters of the analogue filter to the detected forward signal and receive signal, and to determine the VSWR of the antenna port on the basis of the respective power values of the forward signal and the reverse signal for the output terminal of the analogue filter.

The present disclosure provides an amplitude offset calibration method. The method includes: obtaining at least two test feedback signals, where the test feedback signals are analog signals obtained by a transmitter in a test mode according to a test signal, at least two test signals in one-to-one correspondence to the at least two test feedback signals are digital signals pre-generated by the transmitter, and amplitudes of the at least two test signals are different; obtaining at least two corresponding baseband signals according to the at least two test feedback signals, where the baseband signals are a digital signal, and the baseband signals are in one-to-one correspondence to the test feedback signals; and determining an amplitude offset value according to the at least two test signals and the at least two baseband signals.

A method of calibrating an active antenna module that includes a radio and an active antenna unit is provide di which information is read from a data storage device that is mounted on the active antenna unit. The radio is connected to the active antenna unit. The radio is calibrated using the information read from the data storage device.

Disclosed are techniques for handling of radio frequency (RF) front-end group delays for roundtrip time (RTT) estimation. In an aspect, a network node transmits first and second RTT measurement (RTTM) signals to a user equipment (UE) and receives first and second RTT response (RTTR) signals from the UE. The network node measures the transmission times of the RTTM signals and the reception times of the RTTR signals, and the UE measures the transmission times the RTTM signals and the transmission times of the RTTR signals. The group delays of the transmit/receive chains of the network node and the UE are determined for one set of transmit/receive chains based on the first RTTM signal and first RTTR signal. The group delays of the transmit/receive chain used for the second RTTM signal and the second RTTR signal are determined relative to the group delay of the one set of transmit/receive chains.

Disclosed are techniques for handling of radio frequency (RF) front-end group delays for roundtrip time (RTT) estimation. In an aspect, a network node transmits first and second RTT measurement (RTTM) signals to a user equipment (UE) and receives first and second RTT response (RTTR) signals from the UE. The network node measures the transmission times of the RTTM signals and the reception times of the RTTR signals, and the UE measures the transmission times the RTTM signals and the transmission times of the RTTR signals. The group delays of the transmit/receive chains of the network node and the UE are determined for one set of transmit/receive chains based on the first RTTM signal and first RTTR signal. The group delays of the transmit/receive chain used for the second RTTM signal and the second RTTR signal are determined relative to the group delay of the one set of transmit/receive chains.

A receiving circuit includes: a first receiving terminal for receiving a RF signal; a second receiving terminal for receiving an external oscillating signal generated by an external oscillator; a low-noise amplifier coupled with the first receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal and utilized for generating an output signal; a first switch element positioned between the second receiving terminal and the low-noise amplifier; an in-phase signal processing circuit for generating an in-phase detection signal based on the output signal; an quadrature signal processing circuit for generating an quadrature detection signal based on the output signal; and a calibration circuit for controlling the first switch element and capable of performing an I/Q mismatch calibration operation according to the in-phase detection signal and the quadrature detection signal when the first switch element is turned on.