The present invention relates to operating an RF system (100) comprising multiple nodes (26, 28, 30) for transmitting and/or receiving RF messages (34). RF messages transmitted by a transmitting node (26) are received at receiving nodes (28, 30). It is determined whether the RF messages were completely received. Upon missing at least part of the RF messages at the receiving nodes, it is determined whether missing of at least part of the RF messages is caused by an activity event of a tangible entity (32) in transmission paths (40) between the transmitting node and the receiving nodes based on one or more RF system criteria. The RF messages (34) may include RF-based sensing messages (36) and RF data messages (38). A discrepancy between missed parts of the RF-based sensing messages and missed parts of the RF data messages may be determined and included in the RF system criteria.

A sensing method includes: implementing, at a UE, a sensitivity time control profile to change a gain applied over time to a sensing signal received by the UE; and measuring the sensing signal to obtain a sensing signal measurement; wherein the method comprises at least one of: obtaining the sensitivity time control profile based on a sensitivity time control message received by the UE from a network entity; or transmitting a sensing report from the UE to the network entity, the sensing report indicating a measurement of the sensing signal and that sensitivity time control was implemented to obtain the sensing signal measurement.

A method of reporting channel state information by first user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station, channel measurement resource (CMR) configuration information, receiving, from at least one second UE, uplink interference measurement resource (UL IMR) configuration information for measurement of cross link interference (CLI) between the at least one second UE and the first UE, measuring one or more signal to interference pulse noise ratio (SINR) based on at least one downlink reference signal (DL RS) received on CMR identified from the CMR configuration information and at least one uplink reference signal (UL RS) received on UL IMR identified from the UL IMR configuration information; and transmitting, to the base station, information about the measured one or more SINR.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, via an antenna, a communication signal generated by a communication device, and detecting interference in the communication signal, wherein the interference is generated by one or more interference sources, wherein the interference is detected by monitoring a near field region of the antenna, an intermediate field region of the antenna, a far field region of the antenna, or any combinations thereof, wherein the monitoring excludes monitoring only the far field region of the antenna. Other embodiments are disclosed.

The apparatus may be an intermediate wireless device comprising an array of configurable elements (e.g., an array of configurable reflective elements or a plurality of configurable antenna elements) that may be configured to obtain, based on a decreased signal quality at a user equipment (UE), a first set of configurations of a plurality of configurable elements of the intermediate wireless device for a first interference-direction sensing operation, perform, based on the first set of configurations of the plurality of configurable elements, the first interference-direction sensing operation, and obtain an indication of a configuration of the plurality of configurable elements for a subsequent communication between a network device and the UE based on the first interference-direction sensing operation.

Provided is a wireless communication system that detects an object inside a communication area including: a base station device; and a terminal device, in which the base station device controls a timing for transmitting a reference signal for measuring a state of a propagation path on the basis of a pilot signal included in a wireless signal received from the terminal device during wireless communication and detects an object inside the communication area on the basis of propagation state information indicating a state of the propagation path received from the terminal device during wireless sensing, and the terminal device transmits, to the base station device, propagation state information measured on the basis of a reference signal received from the base station device. It is thus possible to transmit the reference signal for measuring a state of the propagation path without degrading a throughput of wireless communication.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, performing, by an adjusting mechanism associated with a communications system, polarization adjusting for an uplink of the communications system, and performing, by the adjusting mechanism, polarization adjusting for a downlink of the communications system, wherein a first polarization of the uplink and a second polarization of the downlink are different. Other embodiments are disclosed.

The present invention discloses an analytic method of high-order mutual coupling effect of an antenna array based on infinitesimal dipole model, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1, calculating a mutual admittance between radiating elements, and constructing a mathematical relation of first-order and high-order mutual coupling effects; and step 2, establishing an admittance expression considering high-order mutual coupling effect of an N-element array. The method further improves a calculation accuracy of an antenna array radiation field by considering high-order mutual coupling effect between radiating elements.