An apparatus including circuitry configured to: obtain a binaural audio signal; obtain, based on the binaural audio signal, at least one direction parameter of at least one frequency band of the binaural audio signal; process the binaural audio signal to generate at least two audio signals for loudspeaker reproduction by modifying an inter-channel difference of the at least one frequency band of the binaural audio signal based on the at least one direction parameter for the at least one frequency band; and output the at least two audio signals for loudspeaker reproduction.

Channel predictive behavior and fault analysis may be provided. A forward time value may be determined comprising a time a forward signal takes to travel from a transmitter over a channel to the receiver. Next, a reflected time value may be determined comprising a time a reflected signal takes to travel to the receiver. The reflected signal may be associated with the forward signal. A discontinuity may then be determined to exist on the channel based on the forward time value and the reflected time value. The reflected signal may be caused by the discontinuity and a high impedance or low impedance at the transmitter present after the forward signal is sent.

Disclosed are data transmission method and apparatus using path diversity. The data transmission method using path diversity may include steps of: (a) calculating a delay robustness value representing path diversity for a routing path including at least one relay node; (b) determining a trade-off relationship between the delay robustness value and power consumption; (c) determining the power consumption and a routing path based on the trade-off relationship; and (d) transmitting data to a destination node through the routing path according to the power consumption.

Apparatus, method and computer program for adjusting radio resource management (RRM) measurements are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a radio channel propagation profile (902) for a user apparatus, wherein the radio channel propagation profile indicates multipath effects on a radio signal received by the user apparatus; and adjusting (904) radio resource management measurements of the user apparatus based on the radio channel propagation profile.

Apparatus, method and computer program for adjusting radio resource management (RRM) measurements are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a radio channel propagation profile (902) for a user apparatus, wherein the radio channel propagation profile indicates multipath effects on a radio signal received by the user apparatus; and adjusting (904) radio resource management measurements of the user apparatus based on the radio channel propagation profile.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of 5G core networks, and provides a quality of service measurement method and device, a user plane function entity, and a computer-readable storage medium. The quality of service measurement method includes: a user plane function receiving a quality of service measurement request sent by a session management function, wherein the quality of service measurement request includes a trigger condition of a quality of service measurement failure and a measurement result of the quality of service measurement failure; the user plane function determining whether or not the trigger condition of the quality of service measurement failure is satisfied: and if so, the user plane function sending, to a control plane function, the measurement result of the quality of service measurement failure.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for beam refinement procedures including dynamic signaling and/or selection of beam-switching latency for beam refinement procedures using inter- and/or intra-antenna module beam switching. A method by a base station (BS) includes configuring a user equipment (UE) with one or more reference signal (RS) resource sets. Each of the one or more RS resource sets is associated with a first or second type of beam refinement procedure. The BS receives an indication from the UE of at least a first latency and a second latency, longer than the first latency. The BS dynamically selects, for each RS transmission using one of the configured resource sets, the first or second latency. The BS sends the RS transmissions at the selected latency with respect to downlink control information (DCI) triggering the RS transmissions for the first or second type of beam refinement procedure.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for beam refinement procedures including dynamic signaling and/or selection of beam-switching latency for beam refinement procedures using inter- and/or intra-antenna module beam switching. A method by a base station (BS) includes configuring a user equipment (UE) with one or more reference signal (RS) resource sets. Each of the one or more RS resource sets is associated with a first or second type of beam refinement procedure. The BS receives an indication from the UE of at least a first latency and a second latency, longer than the first latency. The BS dynamically selects, for each RS transmission using one of the configured resource sets, the first or second latency. The BS sends the RS transmissions at the selected latency with respect to downlink control information (DCI) triggering the RS transmissions for the first or second type of beam refinement procedure.

A channel measurement method and a communications apparatus. The method includes: a terminal device receives precoded reference signals from a network device, where the precoded reference signals are obtained by precoding reference signals based on K angle vectors; and generates and sends first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate P weighting coefficients corresponding to P angle-delay pairs, the P weighting coefficients are determined based on the precoded reference signals, each of the P angle-delay pairs includes one angle vector and one delay vector corresponding to the angle vector, a delay vector corresponding to each angle vector is preconfigured, each angle vector and the delay vector corresponding to each angle vector are obtained through uplink channel measurement, and the P angle-delay pairs and the P weighting coefficients corresponding to the P angle-delay pairs are used to determine a precoding matrix.

Cell acquisition is disclosed in frequency diversity configured for frame based equipment (FBE) access, such as using opportunistic frequency switching. A user equipment (UE) begins cell acquisition by synchronizing to an available communication channel of an available cell in response to detection of a synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with a network on which the UE communicates. The UE receives system information associated with the available cell from a serving base station, wherein the system information includes identification of at least: a link indicator identifying linked communication channels available for opportunistic switching, sensing occasion offsets for each of the linked channels, and access information associated with each of the linked channels. The UE measures a channel quality for each available channel. The base station transmits this system information on each of the linked channels and then monitors the allocated random access resources for signals from the UEs.