Methods for tracking a signal origin by a spectrum analysis and management device are disclosed. Signal characteristics of other known emitters are used for obtaining a position of an emitter of a signal of interest. In one embodiment, frequency difference of arrival technique is implemented. In another embodiment, time difference of arrival technique is implemented.

The present disclosure provides radio-frequency (RF) systems that can detect the presence of RF signals received by the system, as well as determine characteristics such as the operating frequency of RF signals, the type of RF source that transmitted each RF signal, and/or the location of each RF source with high precision and sensitivity while using low cost, scalable electronics that are versatile enough for deployment in a variety of environments. Such systems can employ a network of RF sensors that can coordinate in response to communication with a computer to perform any such detection and/or determination using trained models executed onboard the RF sensors and/or the computer. RF signals may have unique characteristics when received at one or more RF sensors that may be detected using trained models described herein, even in high noise or non-line of sight (LOS) environments and with low cost, low resolution RF receiver hardware.

The present disclosure provides radio-frequency (RF) systems that can detect the presence of RF signals received by the system, as well as determine characteristics such as the operating frequency of RF signals, the type of RF source that transmitted each RF signal, and/or the location of each RF source with high precision and sensitivity while using low cost, scalable electronics that are versatile enough for deployment in a variety of environments. Such systems can employ a network of RF sensors that can coordinate in response to communication with a computer to perform any such detection and/or determination using trained models executed onboard the RF sensors and/or the computer. RF signals may have unique characteristics when received at one or more RF sensors that may be detected using trained models described herein, even in high noise or non-line of sight (LOS) environments and with low cost, low resolution RF receiver hardware.

Systems, methods, and devices enable spectrum management by identifying, classifying, and cataloging signals of interest based on radio frequency measurements. Signal data is compared with stored data to identify the signal of interest. Signal degradation data is calculated based on noise figure parameters, hardware parameters and environment parameters.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide probe antenna determination methods and apparatuses. An exemplary method includes: determining N probe antenna models from preset M probe antenna models based on signal characteristic parameters of a first signal, where the first signal is a signal obtained after a transmit signal of an analog system is processed by a wireless channel model, the signal characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: a radiation energy value of the first signal in each direction and an angle power spectrum density of the first signal, the N probe antenna models are used to determine a probe antenna for testing a device under test, and both M and N are positive integers.

The disclosure provides channel measurement methods and communications apparatuses. One example method includes a terminal device that generates first indication information, and sends the first indication information to a network device. The first indication information indicates one or more component characteristics of a complete time-varying characteristic of a channel and a weighting coefficient of each component characteristic. The complete time-varying characteristic of the channel corresponds to a local time-varying characteristic of the channel. The local time-varying characteristic may be determined by the terminal device based on reference signals received for a plurality of times, and the complete time-varying characteristic may be determined based on the local time-varying characteristic.

A system for predicting an outage for a commercial passenger vehicle is described. The system includes a storage configured to store flight information of the commercial passenger vehicle that includes an antenna configured to assist a network connectivity for devices in the commercial passenger vehicle to remote devices, the flight information including travel information of the commercial passenger vehicle and antenna-related information of the antenna; and a server configured to apply a machine learning algorithm that (1) processes the flight information and (2) generate an output indicative of a probability of an antenna-related outage of the network connectivity that is caused due to a failure of the antenna based on processed flight information.

A system for predicting an outage for a commercial passenger vehicle is described. The system includes a storage configured to store flight information of the commercial passenger vehicle that includes an antenna configured to assist a network connectivity for devices in the commercial passenger vehicle to remote devices, the flight information including travel information of the commercial passenger vehicle and antenna-related information of the antenna; and a server configured to apply a machine learning algorithm that (1) processes the flight information and (2) generate an output indicative of a probability of an antenna-related outage of the network connectivity that is caused due to a failure of the antenna based on processed flight information.

Architectures and techniques are presented that improve or enhance a network planning procedure such as interactively planning suitable locations for transceiver sites that communicate with one another. Map data indicative of a 3D depiction of a physical space can be presented to a user interface device. Input indicative of a first transceiver site and a second transceiver site can be received. A Fresnel zone between the first transceiver site and the second transceiver site can be determined based on the map data. An interactive representation of the Fresnel zone can be presented to the user interface device.

The terminal device can generate a monophonic signal of a specified frequency, and can transmit the monophonic signal by using a specified receive antenna or transmit antenna of the terminal device. The terminal device has a function of transmitting the monophonic signal of the designated frequency by using any specified antenna. Therefore, a measurement system for an antenna complex number pattern of the terminal device can accurately measure a complex number pattern of each antenna of the terminal device in a manner in which the terminal device transmits the monophonic signal of the specified frequency by using each receive antenna or transmit antenna. The measurement system can further obtain an accurate measurement result when a MIMO OTA performance test is performed on the terminal device according to the complex number patterns of all the antennas of the terminal device.