Methods, systems, and optical power controllers are disclosed. Various problems caused by the use of a single L0 power controller in the prior art are addressed by using first and second L0 power controllers with the first L0 power controller managing first optical components with the optical network, and the second L0 power controller managing second optical components within the optical network.

The invention relates to data networks, and in particular relates to a method and apparatus for forming and processing data units to enable the transfer of clock quality information in data networks. A method of forming a higher order data unit, comprising payload data and overhead data, from a plurality of lower order data units, is disclosed. The payload of the higher order data unit is formed by combining the plurality of lower order data units. The overhead data of the higher order data unit includes clock quality information relating to clocks associated with the plurality of lower order data units. Embodiments provide a way of transporting clock quality information relating to clocks associated with a number of lower order data units within a single higher order data unit, and enables intermediate networks easily to access the clock quality information.

A method includes: determining a target code block in a code block stream that is in a first rate mode and includes a plurality of code blocks, where the target code block includes a code block of a start type in the first rate mode; modifying information carried in a code block type field of the target code block to target information, where the target information includes information carried in a code block type field of a code block of a start type in a second rate mode; or the target information includes information carried in a code block type field of a code block of a terminate type in a second rate mode; and transmitting a code block stream in the second rate mode to a transport network, where the code block stream in the second rate mode includes a modified target code block.

Architectures, methods and apparatus for providing data services (including enhanced ultra-high data rate services and IoT data services) which leverage existing managed network (e.g., cable network) infrastructure, while also providing support and in some cases utilizing the 3GPP requisite NSA functionality. Also disclosed are the ability to control nodes within the network via embedded control channels, some of which “repurpose” requisite 3GPP NSA infrastructure such as LTE anchor channels. In one variant, the premises devices include RF-enabled receivers (enhanced consumer premises equipment, or CPEe) configured to receive (and transmit) OFDM waveforms via a coaxial cable drop to the premises. In another aspect of the disclosure, methods and apparatus for use of one or more required NSA LTE channels for transmission of IoT user data (and control/management data) to one or more premises devices are provided.

Systems and methods for providing transmission and reception of hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexed signals on passive optical networks are provided. Networks that use shared transmission media avoid interference between transmitters by restricting the times or wavelengths that given transmitters may use to transmit their messages. The hybrid broadcast WDM TDM PON architecture enables transmitters to use multiple fixed wavelengths for parallel optical transmission within given timeslots to avoid interference with other transmitters and make use of inexpensive fixed optical components to gain a speed advantage over existing architectures while making use of their deployed infrastructure. A single scheduling manager controls the timeslots of upstream and downstream transmissions, which make use of existing standards.

There is provided a tray which is connected to a plurality of transmitters that multicarrier-transmit a plurality of parallel signals by optical subcarriers. The framer selects time slots to be allocated to a path to be accommodated such that the number of optical subcarriers corresponding to the time slots satisfies a predetermined condition on the basis of empty time slots which are specified by path accommodation information indicating a correspondence between paths allocated to a client signal and time slots in a signal frame and the optical subcarriers corresponding to the empty time slots indicated by time slot information indicating a correspondence between the time slots and the optical subcarriers, and sets the selected time slot in the path accommodation information. The framer sets a client signal to the time slots on the basis of the path accommodation information.

An embodiment method includes: mapping a to-be-transmitted optical channel unit signal of n times a benchmark rate to X first optical channel physical link signals; adding a link sequence indicator overhead to each of the X first optical channel physical link signals, to generate X second optical channel physical link signals; and modulating and sending the X second optical channel physical link signals by using X preset optical modules in a one-to-one manner. A rate of the first optical channel physical link signal is m.sub.i times the benchmark rate, n≥2, X≥2, m.sub.i≥1, and

[00001]$\underset{i=1}{\overset{X}{.Math.}}{m}_i=n.$

In a service signal processing method, an optical network unit (ONU) receives a service signal; maps the service signal to a flexible optical service unit frame; and sends a first passive optical network transmission convergence frame to an optical line terminal (OLT), where the flexible optical service unit frame is encapsulated in the first passive optical network transmission convergence frame, and where the flexible optical service unit frame is used to carry the service signal in a passive optical network (PON) and an optical transport network (OTN). In this application, the flexible optical service unit frame can be transmitted in both the PON and the OTN, and the ONU and the OLT do not need to parse the service signal.

A method, system, and apparatus for interleaving data including creating a buffer, writing input data, and reading output data out of the buffer.

A service data transmission method, a related device, and a digital processing chip, to reduce a transmission latency of service data. The method in the embodiments includes the following steps: a first device encapsulates a channel frame in a transmission frame, where the channel frame is used to carry service data. Next, the first device sends the transmission frame to a second device. A transmission manner of the channel frame is a non-decapsulation manner between an optical transport network and an access network.