Various aspects directed towards generating a reference signal for pi/2-binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation are disclosed. In an example, a pi/2-BPSK sequence is selected from a plurality of candidate sequences. A reference signal is then generated based on the selected pi/2-BPSK sequence such that the reference signal is associated with a transmission of data modulated according to a t/2-BPSK modulation.

A system and method include a modulator configured to combine satellite codes with carrier signals on an in-phase channel and a quadrature-phase channel to produce I-channel and Q-channel signal components. The powers of the combined satellite codes are selected according to desired code power fractions. A processor pre-distorts the signal components such that they can be transmitted as a unit-amplitude constant envelope transmission that preserves the desired code power fractions. The pre-distortion may also account for data filtering effects that tend to distort the code power fractions.

This disclosure relates to techniques for synchronization signals. The synchronization signal comprise a primary synchronization signal (PSS) generated based on a PSS sequence and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) generated based on an SSS sequence. The SSS sequence may be generated based on a first sequence corresponding to a first cyclic shift and a second sequence corresponding to a second cyclic shift. The first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift are associated with Cell ID. The Cell ID can be determined from the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift.

A method includes: generating a reference signal sequence based on a first m-sequence and a second m-sequence, where the reference signal sequence is a gold sequence, a cyclic shift value of the first m-sequence is determined based on a physical cell identifier and first timing information, and for a same physical cell identifier, a difference between two cyclic shift values of the first m-sequence that are separately determined based on the physical cell identifier and any two pieces of adjacent first timing information is L1, where L1 is a positive integer, and the first timing information includes a synchronization signal block time index or a first part of the synchronization signal block time index; and after modulating the generated reference signal sequence, mapping a modulated reference signal sequence to N subcarriers to obtain a reference signal, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a user equipment (UE) or a base station, or both, may determine a configuration for partitioning a set of sequences into multiple sequence pools associated with multiple UEs. The UE or the base station, or both, may determine a sequence pool associated with the UE based on the configuration, which may include parameters or instructions for determining the sequence pool associated with the UE. The UE or the base station, or both, may select a subset of sequences from the sequence pool associated with the UE and construct a codebook including the subset of sequences. The UE may select a sequence from the constructed codebook based on a quantity of bits of a payload and may transmit the payload to the base station using the selected sequence.

A method of a first UE comprises: determining a sidelink synchronization identity (SL-SID) and a set of resources; generating at least one sidelink synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (S-SSB) based on the SL-SID and the set of resources, wherein each S-SSB of the at least one S-SSB includes first two symbols for a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS) and second two symbols for a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS); generating a first sequence corresponding to the S-PSS, wherein the first sequence is determined based on a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated M-sequence with a 127 of sequence length and a low cross-correlation with a PSS; generating a second sequence corresponding to the S-SSS, wherein the second sequence is determined based on a BPSK modulated Gold-sequence with a 127 of sequence length; and transmitting, the at least one S-SSB over sidelink channels established with the second UE.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus relating to reference signal design for Pi/2-binary phase shift keying (Pi/2-BPSK) modulation with frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS). In certain aspects, a method includes generating a set of Gold sequences each having a length and adjusting the length of each of the Gold sequences in the set of Gold sequences. The method also includes applying a phase rotation to each of the Gold sequences in the set of Gold sequences and modulating each of the Gold sequences in the set of Gold sequences by a DFT-s-OFDM with frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS). The method further includes selecting one or more sequences from the set of modulated Gold sequences based on a parameter and transmitting the one or more sequences to a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

A method includes generating a first DM-RS for V2X communication and a second DM-RS for V2X communication, the first DM-RS for V2X communication being mapped in a first symbol in a first slot of a subframe, the second DM-RS for V2X communication being mapped in a second symbol in the first slot; generating a third DM-RS for V2X communication and a fourth DM-RS for V2X communication, the third DM-RS for V2X communication being mapped in a first symbol in a second slot of the subframe, the fourth DM-RS for V2X communication being mapped in a second symbol in the second slot; and transmitting the first DM-RS for V2X communication, the second DM-RS for V2X communication, the third DM-RS for V2X communication, and the fourth DM-RS for V2X communication. The first DM-RS is generated based on a first group-hopping, and the second DM-RS is generated based on a second group-hopping.

This application provides a coding method, a decoding method, and a communications apparatus. The coding method includes: obtaining a first information bit sequence; determining a first frozen bit sequence based on a probability distribution value P.sub.1 of the first information bit sequence; determining a check bit sequence based on a second information bit sequence, where the second information bit sequence is the first information bit sequence or a sequence obtained after a pre-transformation operation is performed on the first information bit sequence; obtaining a first bit sequence based on the second information bit sequence, the check bit sequence, and the first frozen bit sequence, where the first bit sequence includes bits in the second information bit sequence.

Provided are a reference signal configuration method and device, and a storage medium. The method includes that: a modulation mode of a data sequence is determined; a modulation mode of a reference signal sequence is determined according to the modulation mode of the data sequence, where a constellation diagram of the reference signal sequence is associated with a time domain position.