The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an optical add/drop multiplexer, such that the optical add/drop multiplexer can ensure proper processing of light in two directions. The optical add/drop multiplexer can complete an extraction of a signal in one direction using one microring resonant cavity and two optical circulators, and if a wavelength of a signal in the other direction is the same as a resonant wavelength of the microring resonant cavity, the signal may reenter an optical network after passing through two microring resonant cavities and one optical circulator, and is not affected. Therefore, proper processing of optical signals in the two directions is ensured, and the optical signals in the two directions do not interfere with each other.

A system is provided for training a device design network. The system includes an interface configured to input data of a device, a memory to store the device design network including an encoder, a decoder, and an adversarial block, and a processor. The processor is, in connection with the memory, configured to update the encoder and the decoder based on a first loss function to reduce the difference between the input data and output data of the decoder, wherein the encoder is constructed by at least one convolutional layer followed by at least one parallel fully connected layer to extract features of a layout of the device, and update the adversarial block to construct by maximizing a second loss function.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer apparatus, and relate to the field of communications, so as to solve the problem of inconvenient line failure detection. The ROADM apparatus includes: a first ROADM, a second ROADM, one splitting coupler, four optical amplifiers, and four couplers. The embodiments of the present invention are used in a communications line architecture.

A method includes establishing an extended optical spectrum having multiple channels for transmission of signals within an optical network. The extended optical spectrum includes at least the C-band (i.e., 1530 nm to 1565 nm) plus one or more sub-bands each having a range of wavelengths including at least one optical channel outside the range of the C-band. The method also includes segmenting the extended optical spectrum into a local band and an express band having different transmission specifications. The local band is configured for transmission of signals between nodes having a relatively shorter distance therebetween and the express band is configured for transmission of signals between nodes having a relatively longer distance therebetween. A combination of the sub-bands covers less than the L-band having a range of wavelengths from 1565 nm to 1625 nm and/or less than the S-band having a range of wavelengths from 1460 nm to 1530 nm.

A method of configuring an optical network comprising a switching system, a first node, a second node, and an optical link between the first node and the second node. The optical link includes a first optical connection and a second optical connection. The method includes changing a state of the switching system from a first state to a second state. In the first state, the optical network is configured to use the first and second optical connection to transmit first and second optical signals in first and second directions, respectively. In the second state the optical network is configured to use the second and first optical connections to transmit the first and second optical signals in the first and second directions, respectively.

Indexing modules and tapping modules that can be interconnected in one or more chains to form a network. The indexing modules each include at least one pass-through line that is not dropped or indexed at the indexing module. The tap modules each include a tap line and a pass-through line. Input and pass-through connection interfaces of the indexing and tapping modules are configured so that the tap line of the tap modules is connected only to the pass-through line of the indexing modules.

Methods and apparatus for a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) cluster node are provided. In some embodiments, the ROADM cluster node includes a set of g line chassis for performing line functionality. In some embodiments, the ROADM cluster node further includes a set of h add-drop chassis for performing add-drop functionality. In some embodiments, each of the g line chassis includes a set of N line cards and a set of M interconnect cards. In some embodiments, the ROADM cluster node further includes a set of M interconnect chassis configured for interconnecting each line chassis to each other line chassis. In some embodiments, the set of M interconnect chassis is further configured for interconnecting each line chassis to each of the h add-drop chassis. In some embodiments, the ROADM cluster node separates the line functionality and add-drop functionality. In some embodiments, 1.15N≤M≤1.5N.

A satellite system may have a constellation of communications satellites that provides services to users with electronic devices such as portable electronic devices and home/office equipment. The satellites may support communications between the electronic devices of the users and gateways. Each gateway may have satellite transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives satellite signals. Each gateway may also have an optical add-drop multiplexer coupled to a fiber ring and radio-frequency-over-fiber circuitry coupled between the satellite transceiver circuitry and the optical add-drop multiplexer. A metropolitan point-of-presence may be in communication with the fiber ring and may have modems for centrally processing communications (received and transmitted in an intermediate frequency) in the satellite system.

Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for providing timing and bandwidth management of ultra-wideband, wireless data channels (including radio frequency and wireless optical data channels). According to one embodiment, a hub apparatus is disclosed for providing out-of-band bandwidth management for a free-space-optical (FSO) data channel associated with a first device. The hub apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, an FSO transmitter coupled with the processor, and an FSO receiver coupled with the processor. The FSO transmitter may be configured to transmit a control signal comprising timing information and bandwidth management information.

A DeMux/Mux module comprises a first submodule comprising a first fiber and a second fiber disposed symmetrically about a first optical axis of the first submodule, a first lens and a first WDM filter attached to the first lens, A first incident light is incident on the first WDM filter. Light having a first transmitted wavelength is transmitted through the first WDM filter and is output from the second fiber. Light having wavelengths other than the first transmitted wavelengths is reflected from the first WDM filter, and input to a second submodule through light propagation in free space.