A method of configuring an optical network comprising a switching system, a first node, a second node, and an optical link between the first node and the second node. The optical link includes a first optical connection and a second optical connection. The method includes changing a state of the switching system from a first state to a second state. In the first state, the optical network is configured to use the first and second optical connection to transmit first and second optical signals in first and second directions, respectively. In the second state the optical network is configured to use the second and first optical connections to transmit the first and second optical signals in the first and second directions, respectively.

A satellite system may have a constellation of communications satellites that provides services to users with electronic devices such as portable electronic devices and home/office equipment. The satellites may support communications between the electronic devices of the users and gateways. Each gateway may have satellite transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives satellite signals. Each gateway may also have an optical add-drop multiplexer coupled to a fiber ring and radio-frequency-over-fiber circuitry coupled between the satellite transceiver circuitry and the optical add-drop multiplexer. A metropolitan point-of-presence may be in communication with the fiber ring and may have modems for centrally processing communications (received and transmitted in an intermediate frequency) in the satellite system.

Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for providing timing and bandwidth management of ultra-wideband, wireless data channels (including radio frequency and wireless optical data channels). According to one embodiment, a hub apparatus is disclosed for providing out-of-band bandwidth management for a free-space-optical (FSO) data channel associated with a first device. The hub apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, an FSO transmitter coupled with the processor, and an FSO receiver coupled with the processor. The FSO transmitter may be configured to transmit a control signal comprising timing information and bandwidth management information.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example: receiving traffic pattern data/parameters associated with a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) network; defining a configuration of the network based upon the traffic pattern data/parameters; outputting the configuration to facilitate physical provisioning and operation of ROADM nodes (and one or more ILA(s), if any) according to the configuration; receiving performance monitoring (PM) data indicative of operation of the network as configured according to the configuration; defining an updated configuration of the network that is based upon the PM data, wherein the updated configuration adds to the network at least one pair of transponders, at least one regenerator, or a combination thereof; and outputting the updated configuration to facilitate physical updating of the network in a manner such that the transponders, the regenerator(s), or the combination thereof is placed into operation. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A method for fault localization in an optical network is provided. The optical network includes at least one span. An optical signal travels through the at least one span. Each of the at least one span has associated amplifiers. The associated amplifiers are connected to launch optical signals into a remainder of a corresponding optical transmission line. The method includes, for each span, respectively acquiring reflected signals generated by the optical signal travelling through the span by at least one power monitoring device, and for each span, determining whether there is a fault in the corresponding span based on the corresponding acquired reflected signals. If there is a fault in the corresponding span, localization of the fault is determined based on the corresponding acquired reflected signals.

A data transmission method is provided. The method includes generating a laser pulse in time domain. The laser pulse is configured based on a carrier-envelope phase (CEP). Based on the laser pulse, a signal spectrum in frequency domain is generated. The signal spectrum includes a range of frequencies. The signal spectrum in the frequency domain is modulated by selectively modifying one or more segments of frequencies within the range of frequencies. Based on the modulated signal spectrum in the frequency domain, a modulated laser pulse in the time domain is generated. Subsequently, the modulated laser pulse is transmitted through a communication network.

Indexing modules and tapping modules that can be interconnected in one or more chains to form a network. The indexing modules each include at least one pass-through line that is not dropped or indexed at the indexing module. The tap modules each include a tap line and a pass-through line. Input and pass-through connection interfaces of the indexing and tapping modules are configured so that the tap line of the tap modules is connected only to the pass-through line of the indexing modules.

A communication device and an optical communication network are provided. The communication device includes a first wavelength adding/dropping unit and a first wavelength selective switch WSS. The first wavelength adding/dropping unit is connected to a first common port of the first WSS, and a wavelength adding resource pool signal from the first wavelength adding/dropping unit is input to the first WSS through the first common port. The first WSS includes a plurality of branch ports, and the first WSS is configured to schedule different add wavelength signals in the wavelength adding resource pool signal to corresponding branch ports based on a configuration. The plurality of branch ports are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of central office CO site rings, and are configured to transmit corresponding add wavelength signals to the corresponding CO rings.

A multiplexer module, a multiplexer/demultiplexer module, a wavelength division multiplexing apparatus, and a signal transmission method. A multiplexer module includes an optical coupling unit and an optical blocking unit. The optical coupling unit is configured to couple an optical signal input by a first device and an optical signal input by the optical blocking unit for output. The optical blocking unit is configured to receive an optical signal input by a client-side device. In response to a set of all wavelengths included in the optical signal input by the first device not including a wavelength of the optical signal input by the client-side device, send, to the optical coupling unit, the optical signal input by the client-side device.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an optical-layer module, an access site, and an optical signal processing method in the field of optical communication technologies. An example access site includes a first fiber interface, a first splitter, a first wavelength blocker, a first multiplexer, and a second fiber interface. The first fiber interface is configured to receive a first optical signal, where the first optical signal includes an optical signal of at least one wavelength. The first splitter is configured to: split the first optical signal into N+1 second optical signals, send one of the N+1 second optical signals to the first multiplexer through a pass-through output port of the first splitter, and send remaining N second optical signals through N wavelength-drop ports. The first wavelength blocker is configured to receive N third optical signals, where wavelengths of the N third optical signals are different.