An example system includes a first network device having first circuitry. The first network device is configured to perform operations including receiving data to be transmitted to a second network device over an optical communications network, and transmitting first information and second information to the second device. The first information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a first communications link of the optical communications network and using a first subset of optical subcarriers. The second information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a second communications link of the optical communications network and using a second subset of optical subcarriers. The first subset of optical subcarriers is different from the second subset of optical subcarriers.

An example system includes a first network device having first circuitry. The first network device is configured to perform operations including receiving data to be transmitted to a second network device over an optical communications network, and transmitting first information and second information to the second device. The first information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a first communications link of the optical communications network and using a first subset of optical subcarriers. The second information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a second communications link of the optical communications network and using a second subset of optical subcarriers. The first subset of optical subcarriers is different from the second subset of optical subcarriers.

An example system includes a first network device having first circuitry. The first network device is configured to perform operations including receiving data to be transmitted to a second network device over an optical communications network, and transmitting first information and second information to the second device. The first information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a first communications link of the optical communications network and using a first subset of optical subcarriers. The second information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a second communications link of the optical communications network and using a second subset of optical subcarriers. The first subset of optical subcarriers is different from the second subset of optical subcarriers.

An example system includes a first network device having first circuitry. The first network device is configured to perform operations including receiving data to be transmitted to a second network device over an optical communications network, and transmitting first information and second information to the second device. The first information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a first communications link of the optical communications network and using a first subset of optical subcarriers. The second information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a second communications link of the optical communications network and using a second subset of optical subcarriers. The first subset of optical subcarriers is different from the second subset of optical subcarriers.

An optical network includes an arrangement of optical nodes. An optical node of the arrangement, and corresponding method, perform optical connectivity discovery and negotiation-less optical fiber continuity verification in the optical network. An overall topology of optical connectivity provisioned for the arrangement is discovered by the optical node based on messages received from a management network communicatively coupling the optical nodes to each other. The optical node synchronizes, temporally and sequentially, with the other optical nodes based on the messages received, assigns fiber of the overall topology, based on a verification sequencing method, to verification slots of a verification sequence, and verifies continuity of fiber according to the verification slots of the verification sequence. The discovery, synchronization, and assignment operations enable the optical node and peer node to perform the optical fiber continuity verification in a symmetric, decentralized, and negotiation-less manner.

A network capable of 1:n communication in an optical wireless mesh network is provided. An optical wireless communication network communication system A1 comprises an optical wireless communication network communication system A1 comprising: an optical transmitter Ti and an optical receiver Ri, and an optical fiber cable or a coaxial cable for transmitting a signal received by the optical receiver Ri to the optical transmitter Ti at each node, wherein the n+1 node Ni is connected by a network, the optical wireless communication transceiver Si at each node Ni is capable of transmitting simultaneously to all the optical wireless communication transceivers Sj of the other n nodes Nj when its own node Ni and all of the other n nodes Nj satisfy a predetermined condition, and can be received simultaneously from all the optical wireless communication transceivers Sj of the other n nodes Nj.

A pseudo all-to-all connected system for optical communications are provided. A plurality of nodes are grouped into a node-division multiplexing (NDM) node. An electrical shuffle comprising a plurality of electrical traces connects each port of the plurality of nodes to at least one optical transceiver. The at least one optical transceiver is configured to multiplex a plurality of electrical signals from the plurality of nodes into a plurality of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical signals, the electrical shuffle being configured to route the plurality of electrical signals from each port of the plurality of nodes to form one of a plurality of ordered sequences of signals from the plurality of nodes. A fiber shuffle is configured to route the plurality of WDM optical signals to and from a plurality of NDM connectors.

A system and method for of pre-provisioning recovery paths in a mesh network including creating i) a working path between a head end NE and a tail end NE of the mesh network and ii) a recovery path between the head end NE and the tail end NE, wherein the working path and the recovery path include one or more intermediate NEs; provisioning the working path in an activated state, including establishing cross connects of each of the NEs of the working path; provisioning the recovery path in a pending state, including establishing cross connects of each of the NEs of the recovery path; after provisioning the recovery path, detecting a failure along the working path, and in response, allocating and reserving link resources along the recovery path; and activating, by the NEs along the recovery path, cross connects of the recovery path into respective hardware associated with the NEs.

An example system includes a first network device having first circuitry. The first network device is configured to perform operations including receiving data to be transmitted to a second network device over an optical communications network, and transmitting first information and second information to the second device. The first information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a first communications link of the optical communications network and using a first subset of optical subcarriers. The second information is indicative of the data, and is transmitted using a second communications link of the optical communications network and using a second subset of optical subcarriers. The first subset of optical subcarriers is different from the second subset of optical subcarriers.

Methods, nodes and control modules are disclosed. In the method, circuitry of a first node in a mesh network converts an optical layer in a working path between the first node and a second node, to a data stream in a digital layer. The working path carries data traffic from the first node to the second node in the optical layer of the mesh network when there is no failure in the working path. Circuitry of the first node in the mesh network detects a failure in the working path due to detection of an error in the data stream in the digital layer. The circuitry of the first node establishes, through transmission of at least one signal from the first node to the second node, a restoration path in the optical layer based on, at least in part, detection of the error in the data stream in the digital layer.