This application provides a method for transmitting data on a ring network. The ring network includes two adjacent FlexE cross-connection rings, each FlexE cross-connection ring includes at least three nodes, the two FlexE cross-connection rings have at least one common node, the common node carries a cross-ring end-to-end working path, and each of the two FlexE cross-connection rings includes one ring-shaped protection path. Because there is a protection path between any two adjacent nodes in the two FlexE cross-connection rings, if a link fault occurs in the common node, a node adjacent to the common node may transmit data from one FlexE cross-connection ring to another FlexE cross-connection ring by using the ring-shaped protection path. Therefore, reliability of the ring network including the at least two FlexE cross-connection rings is improved.

Providing protection to network traffic includes sending a Pseudowire protection configuration parameter for configuring a standby Pseudowire between a source node and a destination node, receiving a Pseudowire configuration acknowledgement indicating whether the Pseudowire protection configuration parameter has been accepted by the destination node, and in the event that the Pseudowire protection configuration parameter has been accepted by the destination node, using the standby Pseudowire, wherein the standby Pseudowire's configured based at least in part on the Pseudowire protection configuration parameter.

This application discloses a service data processing method and device. A transmit-end device may generate an optical transport network (OTN) encapsulated signal carrying service data, and generate at least n FlexO (flexible optical transport network) frames based on the OTN encapsulated signal and send the at least n FlexO frames, where r FlexO frames in the at least n FlexO frames carry service check data, and the service check data may be used to restore the service data when bit error rates of k FlexO frames are greater than a reference bit error rate. In this way, if no more than r physical ports included in a FlexO group interface fail, or a bit error rate of no more than r FlexO frames is greater than the reference bit error rate due to another reason, a receive-end device may restore the service data through a received FlexO frame.

This application provides a method for transmitting data on a FlexE cross ring. At least three nodes forming the FlexE cross ring include a first node, a second node, and a third node. There is a protection path and a working path between any two adjacent nodes, and the protection path is a backup path of the working path. In the solution provided in this application, the protection path between nodes is established on the FlexE cross ring. In this way, when a FlexE group between any two adjacent nodes on the FlexE cross ring is faulty, a node on the FlexE cross ring can still complete data forwarding.

Systems and methods for Tandem Connection Monitor (TCM) control for the physical layer on Optical Transport Unit (OTU) ports provide the ability of the TCM status to directly control client laser state (on/off) so that protection engines and coordination between modules is not required. The systems and methods include receiving a specific defect such as a Tandem Connection Monitor (TCM) defect or a Server Signal Fail (SSF) defect from interface circuitry; propagating the TCM defect or the SSF defect from the interface circuitry to an interface associated with a modem including a physical port connected to a network; and selectively disabling a laser in the modem based on the specific defect, e.g., the TCM defect or the SSF defect from the interface circuitry.

An optical interface includes circuitry configured to operate the optical interface at a first rate, subsequent to a requirement to suberate the optical interface to a second rate, determine which services are affected, signal a partial failure for the one or more affected services, and operate the optical interface at a second rate that is less than the first rate. The optical interface can be a Flexible Optical (FlexO) or ZR interface.

A method for assigning a severity to failure indications of network resources in a multilayered communication network includes in a processor, receiving one or a plurality of failure indications related to a failure of one or more network resources from a plurality of network resources in a communication network. A severity may be assigned to the one or said plurality of failure indications based on an impact on data, wherein assigning the severity includes at least one of: assigning a static severity based on a single traffic impact assessment in the communication network due to the one or more failed network resources, and assigning a dynamic severity based on continuous or periodic traffic impact assessments in the communication network due to the one or more failed network resources. The severity of the one or said plurality of failure indications may be outputted on an output device.

A protection switching method, including sending, by a first end node, a first protection switching request message to an intermediate node in response to a fault occurring on a working path between the first end node and a second end node, wherein a protection path of the working path comprises the first end node, the second end node, and at least one intermediate node, receiving, by the first end node, a second protection switching request message from the intermediate node, and switching service data to the protection path for transmission in response to receiving the second protection switching request message, where one overhead frame of each of the first and second protection switching request messages has at least two overhead information groups, and each of the at least two overhead information groups comprises a request type field, a request signal identifier field, and a bridge flag field.

The present disclosure provides a protection group superposition switching method, a control apparatus, and an optical communication device. Multiple protection state machines are implemented by using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Each protection state machine independently performs an automatic protection switching (APS) protocol operation for at least one protection group that is pre-associated with the protection state machine. At least one protection status table for recording a status of each protection group is updated according to a result of the APS protocol operation, and a cross-connection table for traffic cross-connection between communication units is updated according to the protection status table; the updated cross-connection table is configured into a cross-connection chip, so that the cross-connection chip performs traffic cross-connection according to the updated cross-connection table.

Systems and methods for fast restoration in a network using a control plane include detecting a failure on a link associated with the node; and providing failure information through in-band data path overhead of an affected connection, wherein the in-band data path overhead is sent over a fast path, wherein the failure information is received at an originating node of the affected connection via the fast path, prior to the originating node receiving control plane signaling via a slow path relative to the fast path.